diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f91f646
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#
+# https://help.github.com/articles/dealing-with-line-endings/
+#
+# Linux start script should use lf
+/gradlew        text eol=lf
+
+# These are Windows script files and should use crlf
+*.bat           text eol=crlf
+
+# Binary files should be left untouched
+*.jar           binary
+
diff --git a/.github/renovate.json5 b/.github/renovate.json5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d85c09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/renovate.json5
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://docs.renovatebot.com/renovate-schema.json",
+  "extends": [
+    "config:recommended",
+  ],
+  "packageRules": [
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..995d058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+---
+name: "ci_checks"
+on:
+  pull_request: null
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "main"
+      - "initial-version"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      force_gradle_cache_clean:
+        description: "Force gradle cache clean"
+        required: false
+        default: "false"
+concurrency:
+  group: "${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}"
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+jobs:
+  gradleCheck:
+    name: "run checks using gradlew"
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-latest"
+    outputs:
+      RELEASE_VERSION: ${{ steps.get_version.outputs.VERSION }}
+    env:
+      SEGMENT_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT_MINS: "15"
+    steps:
+      - name: "Checkout"
+        uses: "actions/checkout@v4"
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: "Install JDK 21"
+        uses: "actions/setup-java@v4"
+        with:
+          distribution: "graalvm"
+          java-version: 21
+      - name: "Install Node.js"
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: "lts/jod" # 22
+      - name: "debug node"
+        run: "node --version && npm --version"
+      - name: "Setup Gradle"
+        uses: "gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v4"
+        with:
+          cache-read-only: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/initial-version' }} # TODO remove when initial-version is removed
+      - name: "Nuke gradle cache"
+        if: "${{ github.event.inputs.force_gradle_cache_clean == 'true' }}"
+        run: "rm -rf ~/.gradle/caches"
+      - name: "Run check on build-logic subproject"
+        run: "./gradlew :build-logic:check --no-configuration-cache"
+      - name: "Run check on project"
+        run: "./gradlew generateUsage && ./gradlew check"
+      - name: "Get version and set to output"
+        id: get_version
+        run: echo "VERSION=$(./gradlew changelogPrintCurrentVersion --quiet)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: "junit result"
+        uses: "mikepenz/action-junit-report@v5"
+        if: "always()"
+        with:
+          check_name: "JUnit Report"
+          report_paths: "**/build/test-results/tes*/*.xml" # multiple test tasks
+  nativeCompile:
+    name: "${{ matrix.platform.name }} nativeCompile testing"
+    needs: "gradleCheck"
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        platform:
+          - name: "linux-x86_64"
+            runner: "ubuntu-latest"
+          - name: "linux-aarch_64"
+            runner: "ubuntu-24.04-arm"
+          - name: "windows-x86_64"
+            runner: "windows-latest"
+          - name: "osx-aarch_64"
+            runner: "macos-latest"
+          - name: "osx-x86_64"
+            runner: "macos-13"
+      fail-fast: false
+    runs-on: "${{ matrix.platform.runner }}"
+    env:
+      SEGMENT_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT_MINS: "15"
+    steps:
+      - name: "Checkout"
+        uses: "actions/checkout@v4"
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: "Install JDK 21"
+        uses: "actions/setup-java@v4"
+        with:
+          distribution: "graalvm"
+          java-version: 21
+      - name: "Install Node.js"
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: "lts/jod" # 22
+      - name: "Setup Gradle"
+        uses: "gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v4"
+        with:
+          cache-read-only: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/initial-version' }} # TODO remove when initial-version is removed
+      - name: "Check if binary works"
+        run: "./gradlew testAllCliNative"
+      - name: "junit result"
+        uses: "mikepenz/action-junit-report@v5"
+        if: "always()"
+        with:
+          check_name: "JUnit Report ${{ matrix.platform.name }}"
+          report_paths: "**/build/test-results/tes*/*.xml" # multiple test tasks
+      - name: "upload binary" # for debugging
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: "spotless-native-binary--${{ matrix.platform.name }}"
+          path: app/build/native/nativeCompile/spotless*
+          retention-days: 7
+          if-no-files-found: "error"
+
+  dryRunRelease:
+    name: "dry run release"
+    needs: ["gradleCheck", "nativeCompile"]
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        platform:
+          - name: "linux-x86_64"
+            runner: "ubuntu-latest"
+          - name: "windows-x86_64"
+            runner: "windows-latest"
+    runs-on: "${{ matrix.platform.runner }}"
+    steps:
+      - name: "Checkout"
+        uses: "actions/checkout@v4"
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: "Install JDK 21"
+        uses: "actions/setup-java@v4"
+        with:
+          distribution: "graalvm"
+          java-version: 21
+      - name: "Setup Gradle"
+        uses: "gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v4"
+      - name: "Retrieve binaries"
+        uses: "actions/download-artifact@v4"
+        with:
+          # no name - download all artifacts
+          path: "app/build/collected-binaries"
+      - name: "Prepare release zips for distribution"
+        run: "./gradlew -PreleaseBinariesRootDir=app/build/collected-binaries prepareReleaseBinaryZips"
+      - name: "Prepare jreleaser for distribution"
+        run: "./gradlew prepareJReleaserConfig"
+      - name: "Dry-run choco distribution"
+        if: "${{ matrix.platform.name == 'windows-x86_64' }}"
+        uses: jreleaser/release-action@v2
+        with:
+          setup-java: false
+          arguments: "publish --dry-run"
+        env:
+          JRELEASER_PROJECT_VERSION: ${{ needs.gradleCheck.outputs.RELEASE_VERSION }}
+          JRELEASER_GITHUB_TOKEN: abc # don't provide correct token, just a dry-run
+          JRELEASER_DISTRIBUTIONS_SPOTLESS_CLI_CHOCOLATEY_ACTIVE: ALWAYS
+          JRELEASER_CHOCOLATEY_GITHUB_TOKEN: abc # don't provide correct token, just a dry-run
+          JRELEASER_CHOCOLATEY_USER: abc # don't provide correct token, just a dry-run
+          JRELEASER_CHOCOLATEY_API_KEY: abc # don't provide correct token, just a dry-run
+      - name: "Dry-run brew distribution"
+        if: "${{ matrix.platform.name == 'linux-x86_64' }}"
+        uses: jreleaser/release-action@v2
+        with:
+          setup-java: false
+          arguments: "publish --dry-run"
+        env:
+          JRELEASER_PROJECT_VERSION: ${{ needs.gradleCheck.outputs.RELEASE_VERSION }}
+          JRELEASER_GITHUB_TOKEN: abc # don't provide correct token, just a dry-run
+          JRELEASER_DISTRIBUTIONS_SPOTLESS_CLI_BREW_ACTIVE: ALWAYS
+          JRELEASER_HOMEBREW_GITHUB_TOKEN: abc # don't provide correct token, just a dry-run
+      - name: "Persist jreleaser output"
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: "jreleaser-distribution-dry-run--${{ matrix.platform.name }}"
+          path: |
+            out/jreleaser/trace.log
+            out/jreleaser/output.properties
+            out/jreleaser/package/spotless-cli/**
diff --git a/.github/workflows/gradle-wrapper-validation.yml b/.github/workflows/gradle-wrapper-validation.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9de411a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/gradle-wrapper-validation.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+---
+name: "Validate Gradle Wrapper"
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: null
+  push:
+    paths:
+      - "gradlew"
+      - "gradlew.bat"
+      - "gradle/wrapper/"
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "gradlew"
+      - "gradlew.bat"
+      - "gradle/wrapper/"
+
+jobs:
+  validation:
+    name: "Validation"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: gradle/actions/wrapper-validation@v4
diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08c82f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+---
+name: "publish a release"
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      force_version:
+        description: "Force version number to publish (empty for automatic semver versioning)"
+        required: false
+        default: ""
+      to_publish: #TODO
+        description: "What to publish"
+        required: true
+        default: "all"
+        type: choice
+        options:
+          - plugin-gradle
+          - plugin-maven
+          - all
+          - lib
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+
+concurrency:
+  group: "${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}"
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+jobs:
+  nativeCompile:
+    name: "${{ matrix.platform.name }}: create production-binary"
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        platform:
+          - name: "linux-x86_64"
+            runner: "ubuntu-latest"
+          - name: "linux-aarch_64"
+            runner: "ubuntu-24.04-arm"
+          - name: "windows-x86_64"
+            runner: "windows-latest"
+          - name: "osx-aarch_64"
+            runner: "macos-latest"
+          - name: "osx-x86_64"
+            runner: "macos-13"
+    runs-on: "${{ matrix.platform.runner }}"
+    env:
+      SEGMENT_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT_MINS: "15"
+    steps:
+      - name: "Checkout"
+        uses: "actions/checkout@v4"
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: "Install JDK 21"
+        uses: "actions/setup-java@v4"
+        with:
+          distribution: "graalvm"
+          java-version: 21
+      - name: "Install Node.js"
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: "lts/jod" # 22
+      - name: "Setup Gradle"
+        uses: "gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v4"
+      - name: "Run nativeCompile"
+        run: "./gradlew -Prelease=true nativeCompile"
+      - name: "upload binary" # for collecting later
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: "spotless-native-binary--${{ matrix.platform.name }}"
+          path: app/build/native/nativeCompile/spotless*
+          retention-days: 3
+          if-no-files-found: "error"
+  createRelease:
+    needs: nativeCompile
+    name: "Create a new release"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      RELEASE_VERSION: ${{ steps.get_version.outputs.VERSION }}
+    env:
+      SEGMENT_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT_MINS: "15"
+    steps:
+      - name: "Checkout"
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: "Install JDK 21"
+        uses: "actions/setup-java@v4"
+        with:
+          distribution: "graalvm"
+          java-version: 21
+      - name: "Setup Gradle"
+        uses: "gradle/actions/setup-gradle@v4"
+      - name: "Retrieve production-binaries"
+        uses: "actions/download-artifact@v4"
+        with:
+          # no name - download all artifacts
+          path: "app/build/collected-binaries"
+      - name: "Create release"
+        run: "./gradlew -Prelease=true -PreleaseBinariesRootDir=app/build/collected-binaries changelogPush"
+      - name: "Get version and set to output"
+        id: get_version
+        run: echo "VERSION=$(./gradlew changelogPrintCurrentVersion -Prelease=true --quiet)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: "Prepare jreleaser for distribution"
+        run: "./gradlew prepareJReleaserConfig"
+      - name: "Publish distributions"
+        uses: jreleaser/release-action@v2
+        with:
+          setup-java: false
+          arguments: "publish"
+        env:
+          JRELEASER_PROJECT_VERSION: ${{ steps.get_version.outputs.VERSION }}
+          JRELEASER_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          JRELEASER_HOMEBREW_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.BREW_CHOCO_CLI_GH_TOKEN }}
+          JRELEASER_DISTRIBUTIONS_SPOTLESS_CLI_BREW_ACTIVE: ALWAYS
+      - name: "Persist jreleaser output"
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: jreleaser-release-unix
+          path: |
+            out/jreleaser/trace.log
+            out/jreleaser/output.properties
+  createChocoRelase:
+    needs: createRelease
+    name: "Publish chocolatey package"
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    env:
+      SEGMENT_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT_MINS: "15"
+    steps:
+      - name: "Checkout"
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: "Install JDK 21"
+        uses: "actions/setup-java@v4"
+        with:
+          distribution: "graalvm"
+          java-version: 21
+      - name: "Retrieve production-binaries"
+        uses: "actions/download-artifact@v4"
+        with:
+          # no name - download all artifacts
+          path: "app/build/collected-binaries"
+      - name: "Publish distributions"
+        uses: jreleaser/release-action@v2
+        with:
+          setup-java: false
+          arguments: "publish"
+        env:
+          JRELEASER_PROJECT_VERSION: ${{ needs.createRelease.outputs.RELEASE_VERSION }}
+          JRELEASER_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          JRELEASER_CHOCOLATEY_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.BREW_CHOCO_CLI_GH_TOKEN }}
+          JRELEASER_CHOCOLATEY_USER: ${{ secrets.CHOCO_USER }} #manually extracted in jreleaser.yml
+          JRELEASER_CHOCOLATEY_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.CHOCO_API_KEY }}
+          JRELEASER_DISTRIBUTIONS_SPOTLESS_CLI_CHOCOLATEY_ACTIVE: ALWAYS
+      - name: "Persist jreleaser output"
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: jreleaser-release-windows
+          path: |
+            out/jreleaser/trace.log
+            out/jreleaser/output.properties
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2859905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+# Created by https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore/api/java,gradle,intellij
+# Edit at https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore?templates=java,gradle,intellij
+
+### Intellij ###
+# Covers JetBrains IDEs: IntelliJ, RubyMine, PhpStorm, AppCode, PyCharm, CLion, Android Studio, WebStorm and Rider
+# Reference: https://intellij-support.jetbrains.com/hc/en-us/articles/206544839
+
+# User-specific stuff
+.idea/**/workspace.xml
+.idea/**/tasks.xml
+.idea/**/usage.statistics.xml
+.idea/**/dictionaries
+.idea/**/shelf
+
+# AWS User-specific
+.idea/**/aws.xml
+
+# Generated files
+.idea/**/contentModel.xml
+
+# Sensitive or high-churn files
+.idea/**/dataSources/
+.idea/**/dataSources.ids
+.idea/**/dataSources.local.xml
+.idea/**/sqlDataSources.xml
+.idea/**/dynamic.xml
+.idea/**/uiDesigner.xml
+.idea/**/dbnavigator.xml
+
+# Gradle
+.idea/**/gradle.xml
+.idea/**/libraries
+
+# Gradle and Maven with auto-import
+# When using Gradle or Maven with auto-import, you should exclude module files,
+# since they will be recreated, and may cause churn.  Uncomment if using
+# auto-import.
+# .idea/artifacts
+# .idea/compiler.xml
+# .idea/jarRepositories.xml
+# .idea/modules.xml
+# .idea/*.iml
+# .idea/modules
+# *.iml
+# *.ipr
+
+# CMake
+cmake-build-*/
+
+# Mongo Explorer plugin
+.idea/**/mongoSettings.xml
+
+# File-based project format
+*.iws
+
+# IntelliJ
+out/
+
+# mpeltonen/sbt-idea plugin
+.idea_modules/
+
+# JIRA plugin
+atlassian-ide-plugin.xml
+
+# Cursive Clojure plugin
+.idea/replstate.xml
+
+# SonarLint plugin
+.idea/sonarlint/
+
+# Crashlytics plugin (for Android Studio and IntelliJ)
+com_crashlytics_export_strings.xml
+crashlytics.properties
+crashlytics-build.properties
+fabric.properties
+
+# Editor-based Rest Client
+.idea/httpRequests
+
+# Android studio 3.1+ serialized cache file
+.idea/caches/build_file_checksums.ser
+
+### Intellij Patch ###
+# Comment Reason: https://github.com/joeblau/gitignore.io/issues/186#issuecomment-215987721
+
+# *.iml
+# modules.xml
+# .idea/misc.xml
+# *.ipr
+
+# Sonarlint plugin
+# https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/7973-sonarlint
+.idea/**/sonarlint/
+
+# SonarQube Plugin
+# https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/7238-sonarqube-community-plugin
+.idea/**/sonarIssues.xml
+
+# Markdown Navigator plugin
+# https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/7896-markdown-navigator-enhanced
+.idea/**/markdown-navigator.xml
+.idea/**/markdown-navigator-enh.xml
+.idea/**/markdown-navigator/
+
+# Cache file creation bug
+# See https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/JBR-2257
+.idea/$CACHE_FILE$
+
+# CodeStream plugin
+# https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/12206-codestream
+.idea/codestream.xml
+
+# Azure Toolkit for IntelliJ plugin
+# https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/8053-azure-toolkit-for-intellij
+.idea/**/azureSettings.xml
+
+### Java ###
+# Compiled class file
+*.class
+
+# Log file
+*.log
+
+# BlueJ files
+*.ctxt
+
+# Mobile Tools for Java (J2ME)
+.mtj.tmp/
+
+# Package Files #
+*.jar
+*.war
+*.nar
+*.ear
+*.zip
+*.tar.gz
+*.rar
+
+# virtual machine crash logs, see http://www.java.com/en/download/help/error_hotspot.xml
+hs_err_pid*
+replay_pid*
+
+### Gradle ###
+.gradle
+**/build/
+!src/**/build/
+
+# Ignore Gradle GUI config
+gradle-app.setting
+
+# Avoid ignoring Gradle wrapper jar file (.jar files are usually ignored)
+!gradle-wrapper.jar
+
+# Avoid ignore Gradle wrappper properties
+!gradle-wrapper.properties
+
+# Cache of project
+.gradletasknamecache
+
+# Eclipse Gradle plugin generated files
+# Eclipse Core
+.project
+# JDT-specific (Eclipse Java Development Tools)
+.classpath
+
+### Gradle Patch ###
+# Java heap dump
+*.hprof
+
+# End of https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore/api/java,gradle,intellij
+
+#######  Custom stuff below here #######
+
+# jreleaser
+jreleaser.yml
diff --git a/.idea/.gitignore b/.idea/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13566b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Default ignored files
+/shelf/
+/workspace.xml
+# Editor-based HTTP Client requests
+/httpRequests/
+# Datasource local storage ignored files
+/dataSources/
+/dataSources.local.xml
diff --git a/.idea/compiler.xml b/.idea/compiler.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..465c268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/compiler.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="CompilerConfiguration">
+    <annotationProcessing>
+      <profile name="Gradle Imported" enabled="true">
+        <outputRelativeToContentRoot value="true" />
+        <option name="other.resource.bundles" value="application" />
+        <option name="other.resource.patterns" value=".*\\.properties,.*\\.json,.*\\.js" />
+        <option name="project" value="spotless-cli/app" />
+        <processorPath useClasspath="false">
+          <entry name="$USER_HOME$/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/info.picocli/picocli-codegen/4.7.6/c36d09aee9ded3685ceac45de8c1e02623158920/picocli-codegen-4.7.6.jar" />
+          <entry name="$USER_HOME$/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/info.picocli/picocli/4.7.6/77c2cb87814b6a03d431fc856024a9f8ff605ad4/picocli-4.7.6.jar" />
+        </processorPath>
+        <module name="spotless-cli.app.main" />
+      </profile>
+    </annotationProcessing>
+    <bytecodeTargetLevel target="21" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="JavacSettings">
+    <option name="ADDITIONAL_OPTIONS_OVERRIDE">
+      <module name="spotless-cli.app.main" options="-Aproject=spotless-cli/app -Aother.resource.bundles=application -Aother.resource.patterns=.*\\.properties,.*\\.json,.*\\.js" />
+    </option>
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/ktfmt.xml b/.idea/ktfmt.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..228bfae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/ktfmt.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="KtfmtSettings">
+    <option name="enableKtfmt" value="Disabled" />
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/misc.xml b/.idea/misc.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eee4477
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/misc.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="EntryPointsManager">
+    <list size="1">
+      <item index="0" class="java.lang.String" itemvalue="picocli.CommandLine.Option" />
+    </list>
+  </component>
+  <component name="ExternalStorageConfigurationManager" enabled="true" />
+  <component name="FrameworkDetectionExcludesConfiguration">
+    <file type="web" url="file://$PROJECT_DIR$" />
+  </component>
+  <component name="ProjectRootManager" version="2" languageLevel="JDK_21" default="true" project-jdk-name="graalvm-21" project-jdk-type="JavaSDK" />
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/modules.xml b/.idea/modules.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3d2e4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/modules.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="ProjectModuleManager">
+    <modules>
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/modules/app/spotless-cli.app.main.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/modules/app/spotless-cli.app.main.iml" />
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/modules/testlib/spotless-cli.testlib.main.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/modules/testlib/spotless-cli.testlib.main.iml" />
+      <module fileurl="file://$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/modules/testlib/spotless-cli.testlib.test.iml" filepath="$PROJECT_DIR$/.idea/modules/testlib/spotless-cli.testlib.test.iml" />
+    </modules>
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/modules/app/spotless-cli.app.main.iml b/.idea/modules/app/spotless-cli.app.main.iml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c0fb26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/modules/app/spotless-cli.app.main.iml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module version="4">
+  <component name="AdditionalModuleElements">
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/../../../app/build/generated/sources/annotationProcessor/java/main">
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/../../../app/build/generated/sources/annotationProcessor/java/main" isTestSource="false" generated="true" />
+    </content>
+  </component>
+</module>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/modules/testlib/spotless-cli.testlib.main.iml b/.idea/modules/testlib/spotless-cli.testlib.main.iml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a20ef52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/modules/testlib/spotless-cli.testlib.main.iml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module version="4">
+  <component name="AdditionalModuleElements">
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/../../../testlib/src/main" dumb="true">
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/../../../testlib/src/main/java" isTestSource="false" />
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/../../../testlib/src/main/resources" type="java-resource" />
+    </content>
+  </component>
+</module>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/modules/testlib/spotless-cli.testlib.test.iml b/.idea/modules/testlib/spotless-cli.testlib.test.iml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3d99d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/modules/testlib/spotless-cli.testlib.test.iml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<module version="4">
+  <component name="AdditionalModuleElements">
+    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/../../../testlib/src/test" dumb="true">
+      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/../../../testlib/src/test/java" isTestSource="true" />
+    </content>
+  </component>
+</module>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/palantir-java-format.xml b/.idea/palantir-java-format.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3815718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/palantir-java-format.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="PalantirJavaFormatSettings">
+    <option name="enabled" value="true" />
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/vcs.xml b/.idea/vcs.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35eb1dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.idea/vcs.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
+    <mapping directory="" vcs="Git" />
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..332b5da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Changelog
+
+All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
+
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/),
+and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
+
+## [Unreleased]
+
+### Added
+
+- Initial version of the CLI
+- Supported formatters (in alphabetical order):
+  - clang-format
+  - format-annotations
+  - google-java-format
+  - license-header
+  - palantir-java-format
+  - prettier
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..160ea88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Description: A minimal Dockerfile for running/building spotless-cli and tests in a GraalVM environment.
+# --- Stage 1: Build/Install GraalVM ---
+FROM ghcr.io/graalvm/graalvm-community:21.0.2 AS graalvm-builder
+
+# --- Stage 2: Minimal Runtime Image ---
+FROM ubuntu:22.04
+
+# System packages you need at runtime
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y \
+      libssl-dev \
+      libc6 \
+      npm \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Copy GraalVM from the first stage
+COPY --from=graalvm-builder /opt/graalvm-community-java21 /opt/graalvm
+
+# Set up environment
+ENV GRAALVM_HOME=/opt/graalvm
+ENV PATH="${GRAALVM_HOME}/bin:${PATH}"
+
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dff5599
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+
+Apache License
+Version 2.0, January 2004
+http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+1. Definitions.
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+          
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..407abcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,605 @@
+# <img align="left" src="../_images/spotless_logo.png"> Spotless Command Line Interface CLI
+
+_Keep your code Spotless from the command line_
+
+<!---freshmark shields
+output = [
+  link(shield('Changelog', 'changelog', '{{versionLast}}', 'blue'), 'CHANGES.md'),
+  '',
+  link(shield('OS Win', 'OS', 'Windows', 'blueviolet'), 'README.md'),
+  link(shield('OS Linux', 'OS', 'Linux', 'blueviolet'), 'README.md'),
+  link(shield('OS macOS', 'OS', 'macOS', 'blueviolet'), 'README.md'),
+  ].join('\n')
+-->
+
+[![Changelog](https://img.shields.io/badge/changelog-versionLast%3DUNKNOWN-blue.svg)](CHANGES.md)
+
+[![OS Win](https://img.shields.io/badge/OS-Windows-blueviolet.svg)](README.md)
+[![OS Linux](https://img.shields.io/badge/OS-Linux-blueviolet.svg)](README.md)
+[![OS macOS](https://img.shields.io/badge/OS-macOS-blueviolet.svg)](README.md)
+
+<!---freshmark /shields -->
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> This project is a work in progress :hourglass_flowing_sand: and not yet released.
+>
+> Please check back later for the first release. :heart:
+
+`spotless` is a command line interface (CLI) for the [spotless code formatter](../README.md).
+It intends to be a simple alternative to its siblings: the plugins for [gradle](../plugin-gradle/README.md), [maven](../plugin-maven/README.md)
+and others. It supports formatting a plethora of file types and can be easily configured.
+
+Example usage:
+
+```shell
+spotless --target '**/src/**/*.java' \
+    google-java-format \
+    license-header --header='/* (c) DiffPlug $YEAR */'
+```
+
+This command formats all java files in any `src` folder with the [google-java-format](https://github.com/google/google-java-format) and adds (or updates an existing) license header.
+
+Using the above command line you go
+
+<!---freshmark example_usage_before_after
+output = [
+  '| From this | to this |',
+    '| --- | --- |',
+  '| ' + image('before', 'docs/examples/intro/FormattingExample.png') + ' | ' + image('after', 'docs/examples/intro/FormattingExampleFormatted.png') + ' |',
+  ].join('\n')
+-->
+
+| From this                                            | to this                                                      |
+| ---------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| ![before](docs/examples/intro/FormattingExample.png) | ![after](docs/examples/intro/FormattingExampleFormatted.png) |
+
+<!---freshmark /example_usage_before_after -->
+
+## Installation
+
+To install with Homebrew on macOS or Linux:
+
+```shell
+brew install diffplug/tap/spotless-cli
+
+# or if you prefer
+brew tap diffplug/tap
+brew install spotless-cli
+```
+
+To install with Chocolatey on Windows:
+
+```shell
+choco install ...
+```
+
+Alternatively, you can download the latest binary for your system from the [releases page](https://...) and add it to your PATH.
+
+## General usage
+
+The general principle is to specify the files to format, configure global options and then add one or more formatter steps - with configuration if needed.
+
+```shell
+# general structure of the invocation
+spotless --target [... more options] formatter1 [config-of-formatter1] formatter2 [config-of-formatter2] ...
+```
+
+Be aware that the order of the formatter steps is important. The formatters are applied in the order they are specified.
+
+To see all available options and formatters, run:
+
+```shell
+spotless --help
+```
+
+This will show you the available options and formatters as such:
+
+<!---freshmark usage_main
+output =
+   '```\n' +
+   {{usage.main.array}}.join('\n') +
+    '\n```';
+-->
+
+```
+                     __  __
+   _________  ____  / /_/ /__  __________
+  / ___/ __ \/ __ \/ __/ / _ \/ ___/ ___/
+ (__  ) /_/ / /_/ / /_/ /  __(__  |__  )
+/____/ .___/\____/\__/_/\___/____/____/   Spotless CLI
+    /_/
+
+
+Usage: spotless [-hV] [-e=<encoding>] [-l=<lineEnding>] [--log-file=<logFile>]
+                [-m=<spotlessMode>] [-p=N] [-t=<targets>]... [-q | -v [-v]...]
+                [FORMATTING_STEPS]
+
+spotless is a command line interface (CLI) for the spotless code formatter.
+It can either check if your files are formatted according to your configuration
+or apply the formatting to the files.
+
+  -e, --encoding=<encoding>  The encoding of the files to format.
+                             (default: UTF-8)
+  -h, --help                 Show this help message and exit.
+  -l, --line-ending=<lineEnding>
+                             The line ending of the files to format.
+                             One of: GIT_ATTRIBUTES,
+                               GIT_ATTRIBUTES_FAST_ALLSAME, PLATFORM_NATIVE,
+                               WINDOWS, UNIX, MAC_CLASSIC, PRESERVE
+                             (default: UNIX)
+      --log-file=<logFile>   The log file to write the output to.
+  -m, --mode=<spotlessMode>  The mode to run spotless in.
+                             One of: CHECK, APPLY
+                             (default: APPLY)
+                             APPLY: Apply the correct formatting where needed
+                               (replace file contents with formatted content).
+                             CHECK: Check if the files are formatted or show
+                               the diff of the formatting.
+  -p, --parallelity=N        The number of parallel formatter threads to run.
+                             (default: #cores * 0.5)
+  -q, --quiet                Disable as much output as possible.
+  -t, --target=<targets>     The target files to format. Blobs are supported.
+                             Examples:
+                             -t 'src/**/*.java'
+                             -t 'src/**/*.kt'
+                             -t 'README.md'
+  -v                         Enable verbose output. Multiple -v options
+                               increase the verbosity (max 5).
+  -V, --version              Print version information and exit.
+
+Available formatting steps:
+  clang-format          Runs clang-format
+  format-annotations    Corrects line break formatting of type annotations in
+                          java files.
+  google-java-format    Runs google java format
+  license-header        Runs license header
+  palantir-java-format  Runs palantir java format
+  prettier              Runs prettier, the opinionated code formatter.
+
+Possible exit codes:
+  0    Successful formatting.
+       In APPLY mode, this means all files were formatted successfully.
+       In CHECK mode, this means all files were already formatted properly.
+  1    Some files need to be formatted.
+       In APPLY mode, this means some files failed to be formatted (see output
+         for details).
+       In CHECK mode, this means some files are currently not formatted
+         properly (and might be fixed in APPLY mode).
+  -1   Some files did not converge. This can happen when one formatter does not
+         converge on the file content.
+       You can find more about this special case here:
+         <https://github.com/diffplug/spotless/blob/main/PADDEDCELL.md>
+  -2   An exception occurred during execution.
+```
+
+<!---freshmark /usage_main -->
+
+## Available Formatter Steps
+
+Spotless CLI supports the following formatter steps in alphabetical order:
+
+- [clang-format](#clang-format)
+- [format-annotations](#format-annotations)
+- [google-java-format](#google-java-format)
+- [license-header](#license-header)
+- [palantir-java-format](#palantir-java-format)
+- [prettier](#prettier)
+
+### clang-format
+
+Formats C/C++/Objective-C and more files according to the [clang-format](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html) style guide.
+
+To see usage instructions for the clang-format formatter, run: `spotless clang-format --help`
+
+<!---freshmark usage_clang_format
+output =
+   '```\n' +
+   {{usage.clang-format.array}}.join('\n') +
+    '\n```';
+-->
+
+```
+Usage: spotless clang-format [-hV] [-c=<pathToExec>] [-s=<style>] [-v=<version>]
+Runs clang-format
+  -c, --clang-format-exec=<pathToExec>
+                        The path to the clang-format executable.
+                        (default: looks on your PATH)
+  -h, --help            Show this help message and exit.
+  -s, --style=<style>   The style to use for clang-format.
+  -v, --clang-version=<version>
+                        The version of clang-format to use.
+                        (default: 10.0.1)
+  -V, --version         Print version information and exit.
+
+✅ This step supports the following file types:
+   * C
+   * C++
+   * Java
+   * JavaScript
+   * JSON
+   * Objective-C
+   * Protobuf
+   * C#
+
+🌎 Additional info:
+https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html
+```
+
+<!---freshmark /usage_clang_format -->
+
+Example usage:
+
+```shell
+spotless --target '**/src/**/*.cpp' clang-format --clang-version=20.1.2 --style=Google
+```
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> Running a clang-format step requires a working installation of the clang-format binary.
+
+### format-annotations
+
+In Java, type annotations should be on the same line as the type that they qualify. This formatter fixes this for you.
+
+To see usage instructions for the format-annotations formatter, run: `spotless format-annotations --help`
+
+<!---freshmark usage_format_annotations
+output =
+   '```\n' +
+   {{usage.format-annotations.array}}.join('\n') +
+    '\n```';
+-->
+
+```
+Usage: spotless format-annotations [-hV] [-a[=annotation[,
+                                   annotation...]...]]... [-r[=annotation[,
+                                   annotation...]...]]...
+Corrects line break formatting of type annotations in java files.
+  -a, --add-type-annotation[=annotation[,annotation...]...]
+                  Add annotations to the list of type annotations to keep on
+                    the same line as the type.
+  -h, --help      Show this help message and exit.
+  -r, --remove-type-annotation[=annotation[,annotation...]...]
+                  Remove annotations from the list of type annotations to keep
+                    on the same line as the type.
+  -V, --version   Print version information and exit.
+
+✅ This step supports the following file type: Java
+
+🌎 Additional info:
+https://github.com/diffplug/spotless/tree/main/plugin-gradle#formatAnnotations
+```
+
+<!---freshmark /usage_format_annotations -->
+
+Example usage:
+
+```shell
+spotless --target '**/src/**/*.java' format-annotations
+
+# or add/remove annotations to the default set using list syntax
+spotless --target '**/src/**/*.java' format-annotations \
+    --add-type-annotation='MyAnnotation1,MyAnnotation2' \
+    --remove-type-annotation='MyAnnotation3,MyAnnotation4'
+
+# or add/remove annotations to the default set using repeated options
+spotless --target '**/src/**/*.java' format-annotations \
+    --add-type-annotation='MyAnnotation1' \
+    --add-type-annotation='MyAnnotation2' \
+    --remove-type-annotation='MyAnnotation3' \
+    --remove-type-annotation='MyAnnotation4'
+```
+
+### google-java-format
+
+<!---freshmark gjfshields
+output = [
+  link(shield('Google Java Format version', 'google-java-format', '{{libs.versions.native.include.googleJavaFormat}}', 'blue'), 'https://github.com/google/google-java-format'),
+  ].join('\n')
+-->
+
+[![Google Java Format version](https://img.shields.io/badge/google--java--format-1.24.0-blue.svg)](https://github.com/google/google-java-format)
+
+<!---freshmark /gjfshields -->
+
+Formats Java files according to the [google-java-format](https://github.com/google/google-java-format) style guide.
+
+To see usage instructions for the google-java-format formatter, run: `spotless google-java-format --help`
+
+<!---freshmark usage_google_java_format
+output =
+   '```\n' +
+   {{usage.google-java-format.array}}.join('\n') +
+    '\n```';
+-->
+
+```
+Usage: spotless google-java-format [-hijrV] [-s=<style>]
+Runs google java format
+  -h, --help              Show this help message and exit.
+  -i, --reorder-imports   Reorder imports.
+                          (default: false)
+  -j, --format-javadoc    Format javadoc.
+                          (default: true)
+  -r, --reflow-long-strings
+                          Reflow long strings.
+                          (default: false)
+  -s, --style=<style>     The style to use for the google java format.
+                          One of: AOSP, GOOGLE
+                          (default: GOOGLE)
+  -V, --version           Print version information and exit.
+
+✅ This step supports the following file type: Java
+
+🌎 Additional info:
+https://github.com/google/google-java-format
+```
+
+<!---freshmark /usage_google_java_format -->
+
+Example usage:
+
+```shell
+spotless --target '**/src/**/*.java' google-java-format --reorder-imports=true
+```
+
+### license-header
+
+Add or update a license header to the files.
+
+To see usage instructions for the license-header formatter, run: `spotless license-header --help`
+
+<!---freshmark usage_license_header
+output =
+   '```\n' +
+   {{usage.license-header.array}}.join('\n') +
+    '\n```';
+-->
+
+```
+Usage: spotless license-header [-hV] [-c=<contentPattern>] [-d=<delimiter>]
+                               [-m=<yearMode>] [-s=<skipLinesMatching>]
+                               [-Y=<yearSeparator>] (-H=<header> |
+                               -f=<headerFile>)
+Runs license header
+  -c, --content-pattern=<contentPattern>
+                          The pattern to match the content of the file before
+                            inserting the licence header. (If the file content
+                            does not match the pattern, the header will not be
+                            inserted/updated.)
+  -d, --delimiter=<delimiter>
+                          The delimiter to use for the license header. If not
+                            provided, the delimiter will be guessed based on
+                            the first few files we find. Otherwise, 'java' will
+                            be assumed.
+  -f, --header-file=<headerFile>
+                          The license header content in a file to apply.
+                            May contain $YEAR as placeholder.
+  -h, --help              Show this help message and exit.
+  -H, --header=<header>   The license header content to apply. May contain
+                            $YEAR as placeholder.
+  -m, --year-mode=<yearMode>
+                          How and if the year in the copyright header should be
+                            updated.
+                          One of: PRESERVE, UPDATE_TO_TODAY, SET_FROM_GIT
+                          (default: PRESERVE)
+  -s, --skip-lines-matching=<skipLinesMatching>
+                          Skip lines matching the given regex pattern before
+                            inserting the licence header.
+  -V, --version           Print version information and exit.
+  -Y, --year-separator=<yearSeparator>
+                          The separator to use for the year range in the
+                            license header.
+                          (default: -)
+
+✅ This step supports the following file type: any
+
+🌎 Additional info:
+https://github.com/diffplug/spotless/tree/main/plugin-gradle#license-header
+```
+
+<!---freshmark /usage_license_header -->
+
+Example usage:
+
+```shell
+spotless --target '**/src/**/*.java' license-header --header='/* (c) DiffPlug $YEAR */'
+```
+
+### palantir-java-format
+
+<!---freshmark pjfshields
+output = [
+  link(shield('Palantir Java Format version', 'palantir-java-format', '{{libs.versions.native.include.palantirJavaFormat}}', 'blue'), 'https://github.com/palantir/palantir-java-format'),
+  ].join('\n')
+-->
+
+[![Palantir Java Format version](https://img.shields.io/badge/palantir--java--format-2.61.0-blue.svg)](https://github.com/palantir/palantir-java-format)
+
+<!---freshmark /pjfshields -->
+
+Formats java files according to the [palantir-java-format](https://github.com/palantir/palantir-java-format) style guide. Palantir Java Format is a modern, lambda-friendly,
+120 character Java formatter. It is based on the Google Java Format project.
+
+To see usage instructions for the palantir-java-format formatter, run `spotless palantir-java-format --help`
+
+<!---freshmark usage_palantir_java_format
+output =
+   '```\n' +
+   {{usage.palantir-java-format.array}}.join('\n') +
+    '\n```';
+-->
+
+```
+Usage: spotless palantir-java-format [-hjV] [-s=<style>]
+Runs palantir java format
+  -h, --help             Show this help message and exit.
+  -j, --format-javadoc   Format javadoc.
+                         (default: false)
+  -s, --style=<style>    The style to use for the palantir java format.
+                         One of: PALANTIR, AOSP, GOOGLE
+                         (default: PALANTIR)
+  -V, --version          Print version information and exit.
+
+✅ This step supports the following file type: Java
+
+🌎 Additional info:
+https://github.com/palantir/palantir-java-format
+```
+
+<!---freshmark /usage_palantir_java_format -->
+
+Example usage:
+
+```shell
+spotless --target '**/src/**/*.java' palantir-java-format --format-javadoc=true
+```
+
+### prettier
+
+<!---freshmark prettiershields
+output = [
+  link(shield('Default prettier version', '(default)-prettier', '{{libs.versions.bundled.prettier}}', 'blue'), 'https://www.npmjs.com/package/prettier/v/{{libs.versions.bundled.prettier}}'),
+  ].join('\n')
+-->
+
+[![Default prettier version](https://img.shields.io/badge/%28default%29--prettier-2.8.8-blue.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/prettier/v/2.8.8)
+
+<!---freshmark /prettiershields -->
+
+[Prettier](https://prettier.io/) is an opinionated code formatter that supports many languages. Some are supported out of the box such as
+JavaScript, JSX, Angular, Vue, Flow, TypeScript, CSS, Less, SCSS, HTML, Ember/Handlebars, JSON, GraphQL, Markdown and YAML.
+
+Even more languages can be supported by including [prettier-plugins](https://prettier.io/docs/plugins).
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> Running a prettier formatter step requires a working installation of [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) and [npm](https://www.npmjs.com/).
+
+To see usage instructions for the prettier formatter, run: `spotless prettier --help`
+
+<!---freshmark usage_prettier
+output =
+   '```\n' +
+   {{usage.prettier.array}}.join('\n') +
+    '\n```';
+-->
+
+```
+Usage: spotless prettier [-hV] [-C=<npmInstallCacheDir>]
+                         [-n=<explicitNpmExecutable>]
+                         [-N=<explicitNodeExecutable>]
+                         [-P=<prettierConfigPath>] [-R=<explicitNpmrcFile>]
+                         [-A=<additionalNpmrcLocations>]...
+                         [-c='OPTION=VALUE']... [-D='PACKAGE=VERSION']...
+Runs prettier, the opinionated code formatter.
+  -A, --additional-npmrc-location=<additionalNpmrcLocations>
+                  Additional locations to search for .npmrc files.
+  -c, --prettier-config-option='OPTION=VALUE'
+                  A prettier configuration options.
+                  The format is 'OPTION=VALUE'.
+                  example: 'printWidth=80'
+  -C, --npm-install-cache-dir=<npmInstallCacheDir>
+                  The directory to use for caching libraries retrieved by 'npm
+                    install'.
+  -D, --dev-dependency='PACKAGE=VERSION'
+                  An entry to add to the package.json for running prettier.
+                  The format is 'PACKAGE=VERSION'.
+                  example: 'prettier=2.8.7'
+  -h, --help      Show this help message and exit.
+  -n, --npm-exec=<explicitNpmExecutable>
+                  The explicit path to the npm executable.
+  -N, --node-exec=<explicitNodeExecutable>
+                  The explicit path to the node executable.
+  -P, --prettier-config-path=<prettierConfigPath>
+                  The path to the prettier configuration file.
+  -R, --npmrc-file=<explicitNpmrcFile>
+                  The explicit path to the .npmrc file.
+  -V, --version   Print version information and exit.
+
+✅ This step supports the following file types:
+   * JavaScript
+   * JSX
+   * Angular
+   * Vue
+   * Flow
+   * TypeScript
+   * CSS
+   * Less
+   * SCSS
+   * HTML
+   * Ember/Handlebars
+   * JSON
+   * GraphQL
+   * Markdown
+   * YAML
+   * Java (only with plugins)
+   * and more (using plugins)
+
+🌎 Additional info:
+   * https://prettier.io/
+   * 🧩 Find plugins at https://prettier.io/docs/plugins.html#official-plugins
+```
+
+<!---freshmark /usage_prettier -->
+
+Example usage:
+
+```shell
+spotless --target '**/*.json' prettier
+
+# or using a custom version and plugin (prettier <= 2)
+spotless --target='src/**/*.java' prettier \
+    --prettier-config-option='printWidth=120' \
+    --dev-dependency='prettier=2.8.7' \
+    --dev-dependency='prettier-plugin-java=2.1.0'
+
+# or using a custom version and plugin (prettier 3+)
+# → prettier 3 needs you to enable plugins explicitly (see 'plugins' config option)
+spotless --target='src/**/*.java' prettier \
+    --prettier-config-option='printWidth=120' \
+    --prettier-config-option='plugins=["prettier-plugin-java"]' \
+    --dev-dependency='prettier=3.0.3' \
+    --dev-dependency='prettier-plugin-java=2.3.0'
+```
+
+## Tipps & Tricks
+
+### Using a configuration file
+
+Since spotless-cli is based on `picocli`, you can use configuration files to store long or complex command lines
+(called @files in picocli terminology).
+
+:point_right: For details see [picocli documentation](https://picocli.info/#AtFiles)
+
+Example usage:
+
+Store a configuration file `/path/to/my/project/spotless-prettier-java.config` with the following content:
+
+```
+--target 'src/**/*.java'
+prettier
+--prettier-config-option 'printWidth=120'
+--prettier-config-option 'plugins=["prettier-plugin-java"]'
+--dev-dependency 'prettier=3.0.3'
+--dev-dependency 'prettier-plugin-java=2.3.0'
+license-header
+--header-file=/path/to/my/project/license-header.txt
+```
+
+Then you can run spotless-cli with just the following command:
+
+```shell
+spotless @/path/to/my/project/spotless-prettier-java.config
+```
+
+which behind the scenes will be expanded into:
+
+```shell
+spotless --target='src/**/*.java' \
+    prettier \
+        --prettier-config-option='printWidth=120' \
+        --prettier-config-option='plugins=["prettier-plugin-java"]' \
+        --dev-dependency='prettier=3.0.3' \
+        --dev-dependency='prettier-plugin-java=2.3.0' \
+    license-header \
+        --header-file='/path/to/my/project/license-header.txt'
+```
diff --git a/app/build.gradle b/app/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8a0924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.picocli.usage.GenerateUsagePropertiesTask
+
+plugins {
+	id 'buildlogic.picocli-conventions'
+	id 'buildlogic.java-special-tests-conventions'
+	id 'buildlogic.java-graalvm-conventions'
+	id 'buildlogic.spotless-json-conventions'
+}
+
+version = rootProject.version
+
+dependencies {
+	testImplementation project(':testlib')
+	implementation libs.bundles.spotless.libs
+	implementation libs.diff.utils
+
+	// these are fixed versions of the otherwise dynamic dependencies for spotless
+	// this is necessary to allow for native compilation where reflective access to dynamic jars is not possible
+	implementation libs.bundles.native.includes
+}
+
+application {
+	mainClass = 'com.diffplug.spotless.cli.SpotlessCLI'
+	applicationName = 'spotless'
+	archivesBaseName = 'spotless-cli'
+}
+
+gradle.taskGraph.whenReady { TaskExecutionGraph graph ->
+	//	println "Graph: " + graph.allTasks*.name
+	if (graph.hasTask(':app:nativeCompile') || graph.hasTask(':app:metadataCopy') || graph.hasTask(':app:shadowJar')) {
+		// enable graalvm agent using property here instead of command line `-Pagent=standard`
+		// this collects information about reflective access and resources used by the application (e.g. GJF)
+		project.ext.agent = 'standard'
+	}
+}
+
+tasks.withType(Test).configureEach {
+	if (it.name == 'test' || it.name == 'testNpm') {
+		it.outputs.dir(nativeCompileMetaDir)
+		if (project.hasProperty('agent')) {
+			it.inputs.property('agent', project.property('agent')) // make sure to re-run tests if agent changes
+		}
+		it.systemProperty 'spotless.cli.inSameThread', 'true' //mark tests
+	}
+	if (it.name == 'testCliProcess' || it.name == 'testCliProcessNpm') {
+		it.dependsOn('shadowJar')
+		it.systemProperty 'spotless.cli.shadowJar', tasks.shadowJar.archiveFile.get().asFile
+	}
+	if (it.name == 'testCliNative' || it.name == 'testCliNativeNpm') {
+		it.dependsOn('nativeCompile')
+		it.systemProperty 'spotless.cli.nativeImage', tasks.nativeCompile.outputFile.get().asFile
+	}
+}
+
+tasks.register("generateUsage", GenerateUsagePropertiesTask) {
+	it.outputDir.set(layout.buildDirectory.dir("generated-usages").get().asFile)
+}
diff --git a/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/brew/README.md.tpl b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/brew/README.md.tpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38c0565
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/brew/README.md.tpl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Homebrew
+
+## Formulae
+Invoke either of the following commands if the formula is hosted at GitHub
+
+```sh
+$ brew install {{brewRepositoryOwner}}/{{brewRepositoryAlias}}/<formula>
+```
+
+Or
+
+```sh
+$ brew tap {{brewRepositoryOwner}}/{{brewRepositoryAlias}}
+$ brew install <formula>
+```
+
+## Documentation
+`brew help`, `man brew` or check [Homebrew's documentation](https://docs.brew.sh).
diff --git a/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/brew/cask.rb.tpl b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/brew/cask.rb.tpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de9dbf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/brew/cask.rb.tpl
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# {{jreleaserCreationStamp}}
+{{#brewRequireRelative}}
+require_relative "{{.}}"
+{{/brewRequireRelative}}
+
+cask "{{brewCaskName}}" do
+  desc "{{projectDescription}}"
+  homepage "{{projectLinkHomepage}}"
+  url "{{distributionUrl}}"{{#brewDownloadStrategy}}, :using => {{.}}{{/brewDownloadStrategy}},
+      verified: "{{repoHost}}"
+  version "{{projectVersion}}"
+  sha256 "{{distributionChecksumSha256}}"
+  name "{{brewCaskDisplayName}}"
+  {{#brewCaskHasAppcast}}
+  appcast {{brewCaskAppcast}}
+  {{/brewCaskHasAppcast}}
+  auto_updates true
+
+  {{#brewHasLivecheck}}
+  livecheck do
+    {{#brewLivecheck}}
+    {{.}}
+    {{/brewLivecheck}}
+  end
+  {{/brewHasLivecheck}}
+  {{#brewDependencies}}
+  depends_on {{.}}
+  {{/brewDependencies}}
+
+  {{#brewCaskHasPkg}}
+  pkg "{{brewCaskPkg}}"
+  {{/brewCaskHasPkg}}
+  {{#brewCaskHasApp}}
+  app "{{brewCaskApp}}"
+  {{/brewCaskHasApp}}
+  {{#brewCaskHasBinary}}
+  binary "{{distributionArtifactRootEntryName}}/bin/{{distributionExecutableUnix}}"
+  {{/brewCaskHasBinary}}
+  {{#brewCaskHasUninstall}}
+  {{#brewCaskUninstall}}
+  uninstall {{name}}: [
+    {{#items}}
+    "{{.}}",
+    {{/items}}
+  ]
+  {{/brewCaskUninstall}}
+  {{/brewCaskHasUninstall}}
+  {{#brewCaskHasZap}}
+  {{#brewCaskZap}}
+  zap {{name}}: [
+    {{#items}}
+    "{{.}}",
+    {{/items}}
+  ]
+  {{/brewCaskZap}}
+  {{/brewCaskHasZap}}
+end
diff --git a/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/brew/formula-multi.rb.tpl b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/brew/formula-multi.rb.tpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f15cbcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/brew/formula-multi.rb.tpl
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# {{jreleaserCreationStamp}}
+{{#brewRequireRelative}}
+require_relative "{{.}}"
+{{/brewRequireRelative}}
+
+class {{brewFormulaName}} < Formula
+  desc "{{projectDescription}}"
+  homepage "{{projectLinkHomepage}}"
+  version "{{projectVersion}}"
+  license "{{projectLicense}}"
+
+  {{brewMultiPlatform}}
+
+  {{#brewHasLivecheck}}
+  livecheck do
+    {{#brewLivecheck}}
+    {{.}}
+    {{/brewLivecheck}}
+  end
+  {{/brewHasLivecheck}}
+  {{#brewDependencies}}
+  depends_on {{.}}
+  {{/brewDependencies}}
+
+  def install
+    libexec.install Dir["*"]
+    bin.install_symlink "#{libexec}/bin/{{distributionExecutableUnix}}" => "{{distributionExecutableName}}"
+  end
+
+  test do
+    output = shell_output("#{bin}/{{distributionExecutableName}} --version")
+    assert_match "{{projectVersion}}", output
+  end
+end
diff --git a/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/brew/formula.rb.tpl b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/brew/formula.rb.tpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e61514
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/brew/formula.rb.tpl
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# {{jreleaserCreationStamp}}
+{{#brewRequireRelative}}
+require_relative "{{.}}"
+{{/brewRequireRelative}}
+
+class {{brewFormulaName}} < Formula
+  desc "{{projectDescription}}"
+  homepage "{{projectLinkHomepage}}"
+  url "{{distributionUrl}}"{{#brewDownloadStrategy}}, :using => {{.}}{{/brewDownloadStrategy}}
+  version "{{projectVersion}}"
+  sha256 "{{distributionChecksumSha256}}"
+  license "{{projectLicense}}"
+
+  {{#brewHasLivecheck}}
+  livecheck do
+    {{#brewLivecheck}}
+    {{.}}
+    {{/brewLivecheck}}
+  end
+  {{/brewHasLivecheck}}
+  {{#brewDependencies}}
+  depends_on {{.}}
+  {{/brewDependencies}}
+
+  def install
+    libexec.install Dir["*"]
+    bin.install_symlink "#{libexec}/bin/{{distributionExecutableUnix}}" => "{{distributionExecutableName}}"
+  end
+
+  test do
+    output = shell_output("#{bin}/{{distributionExecutableName}} --version")
+    assert_match "{{projectVersion}}", output
+  end
+end
diff --git a/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/chocolatey/.github/workflows/push.yml.tpl b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/chocolatey/.github/workflows/push.yml.tpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82548d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/chocolatey/.github/workflows/push.yml.tpl
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+name: Push-{{distributionName}}
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - '*'
+    branches-ignore:
+      - '**'
+
+jobs:
+  push:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      
+      - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: '5.0.x'
+
+      - name: Find package
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          echo "PACKAGE_NAME=$(ls {{chocolateyPackageName}}/*.nuspec)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Pack
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          choco pack ${{=<% %>=}}{{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}<%={{ }}=%>
+
+      - name: Publish
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          choco apikey -k ${{=<% %>=}}{{ secrets.CHOCOLATEY_API_KEY }}<%={{ }}=%> -s {{chocolateySource}}
+          choco push $(ls *.nupkg | % {$_.FullName}) -s {{chocolateySource}}
diff --git a/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/chocolatey/.github/workflows/trigger.yml.tpl b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/chocolatey/.github/workflows/trigger.yml.tpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dad99b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/chocolatey/.github/workflows/trigger.yml.tpl
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+name: Trigger-{{distributionName}}
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  trigger:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      
+      - uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
+        with:
+          dotnet-version: '5.0.x'
+
+      - name: Find package
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          echo "PACKAGE_NAME=$(ls {{distributionName}}/*.nuspec)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Pack
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          choco pack ${{=<% %>=}}{{ env.PACKAGE_NAME }}<%={{ }}=%>
+
+      - name: Publish
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          choco apikey -k ${{=<% %>=}}{{ secrets.CHOCOLATEY_API_KEY }}<%={{ }}=%> -s {{chocolateySource}}
+          choco push $(ls *.nupkg | % {$_.FullName}) -s {{chocolateySource}}
diff --git a/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/chocolatey/binary.nuspec.tpl b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/chocolatey/binary.nuspec.tpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdb65a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/chocolatey/binary.nuspec.tpl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- {{jreleaserCreationStamp}} -->
+<!-- Do not remove this test for UTF-8: if “Ω” doesn’t appear as greek uppercase omega letter enclosed in quotation marks, you should use an editor that supports UTF-8, not this one. -->
+<package xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/packaging/2015/06/nuspec.xsd">
+  <metadata>
+    <!-- required -->
+    <id>{{chocolateyPackageName}}</id>
+    <version>{{chocolateyPackageVersion}}</version>
+    <authors>{{projectAuthorsByComma}}</authors>
+    <description>{{projectLongDescription}}</description>
+    <!-- optional -->
+    <title>{{chocolateyTitle}}</title>
+    <projectUrl>{{projectLinkHomepage}}</projectUrl>
+    <copyright>{{projectCopyright}}</copyright>
+    <licenseUrl>{{projectLinkLicense}}</licenseUrl>
+    <requireLicenseAcceptance>false</requireLicenseAcceptance>
+    <tags>{{distributionTagsBySpace}}</tags>
+    <summary>{{projectDescription}}</summary>
+    <projectSourceUrl>{{repoUrl}}</projectSourceUrl>
+    <packageSourceUrl>{{chocolateyPackageSourceUrl}}</packageSourceUrl>
+    <docsUrl>{{projectLinkDocumentation}}</docsUrl>
+    <bugTrackerUrl>{{projectLinkBugTracker}}</bugTrackerUrl>
+    <releaseNotes>{{releaseNotesUrl}}</releaseNotes>
+    {{#chocolateyIconUrl}}<iconUrl>{{.}}</iconUrl>{{/chocolateyIconUrl}}
+  </metadata>
+  <files>
+    <file src="tools\**" target="tools" />
+  </files>
+</package>
diff --git a/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/chocolatey/tools/chocolateyinstall.ps1.tpl b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/chocolatey/tools/chocolateyinstall.ps1.tpl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8608ca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/chocolatey/tools/chocolateyinstall.ps1.tpl
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# {{jreleaserCreationStamp}}
+$tools = Split-Path $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Definition
+$package = Split-Path $tools
+
+Install-ChocolateyZipPackage `
+    -PackageName '{{chocolateyPackageName}}' `
+    -Url '{{distributionUrl}}' `
+    -Checksum '{{distributionChecksumSha256}}' `
+    -ChecksumType 'sha256' `
+    -UnzipLocation $package
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/release-zip/README b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/release-zip/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea20a2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/release-zip/README
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+                     __  __
+   _________  ____  / /_/ /__  __________
+  / ___/ __ \/ __ \/ __/ / _ \/ ___/ ___/
+ (__  ) /_/ / /_/ / /_/ /  __(__  |__  )
+/____/ .___/\____/\__/_/\___/____/____/   Spotless CLI
+    /_/
+
+For detailed information on the Spotless CLI, see our github page
+
+--> https://github.com/diffplug/spotless-cli <--
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/FormatterFactory.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/FormatterFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af6fcd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/FormatterFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.Formatter;
+
+public interface FormatterFactory extends AutoCloseable {
+    Formatter createFormatter();
+
+    @Override
+    void close();
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/Result.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/Result.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dca7ea3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/Result.java
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.Formatter;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.LintState;
+
+record Result(Path target, LintState lintState, Formatter formatter) {}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/ResultType.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/ResultType.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a9ebde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/ResultType.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+enum ResultType {
+    CLEAN,
+    DIRTY,
+    DID_NOT_CONVERGE;
+
+    ResultType combineWith(ResultType other) {
+        if (this == other) {
+            return this;
+        }
+        if (this == DID_NOT_CONVERGE || other == DID_NOT_CONVERGE) {
+            return DID_NOT_CONVERGE;
+        }
+        if (this == DIRTY || other == DIRTY) {
+            return DIRTY;
+        }
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected combination of result types: " + this + " and " + other);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessAction.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessAction.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..772b0bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessAction.java
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.execution.FormatterStepsSupplier;
+
+public interface SpotlessAction extends SpotlessCommand {
+    @NotNull Integer executeSpotlessAction(@NotNull FormatterStepsSupplier formatterSteps);
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessActionContextProvider.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessActionContextProvider.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8d81cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessActionContextProvider.java
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessActionContext;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessCommandLineStream;
+
+public interface SpotlessActionContextProvider {
+
+    SpotlessActionContext spotlessActionContext(SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream);
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLI.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLI.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd45aad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLI.java
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.Formatter;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.LineEnding;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.LintState;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.ThrowingEx;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.FileResolver;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessActionContext;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessCommandLineStream;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessRunCleanup;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.TargetFileTypeInferer;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.TargetResolver;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.execution.FormatterStepsSupplier;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.execution.SpotlessExecutionStrategy;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.OptionConstants;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.logging.output.LoggingConfigurer;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.logging.output.Output;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.ClangFormat;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.FormatAnnotations;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.GoogleJavaFormat;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.LicenseHeader;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.PalantirJavaFormat;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.Prettier;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.version.SpotlessCLIVersionProvider;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+import picocli.CommandLine.Command;
+
+@Command(
+        name = "spotless",
+        mixinStandardHelpOptions = true,
+        usageHelpAutoWidth = true,
+        versionProvider = SpotlessCLIVersionProvider.class,
+        description =
+                "%n@|magenta spotless|@ is a command line interface (CLI) for the spotless code formatter. "
+                        + "%nIt can either check if your files are formatted according to your configuration or apply the formatting to the files.%n",
+        header =
+                """
+                                 __  __             \s
+               _________  ____  / /_/ /__  __________
+              / ___/ __ \\/ __ \\/ __/ / _ \\/ ___/ ___/
+             (__  ) /_/ / /_/ / /_/ /  __(__  |__  )\s
+            /____/ .___/\\____/\\__/_/\\___/____/____/ \s Spotless CLI
+                /_/                                 \s
+
+            """,
+        synopsisSubcommandLabel = "[FORMATTING_STEPS]",
+        commandListHeading = "%nAvailable formatting steps:%n",
+        exitCodeListHeading = "%nPossible exit codes:%n",
+        exitCodeOnExecutionException = -2,
+        exitCodeList = {
+            """
+            0:Successful formatting.
+            In @|yellow APPLY|@ mode, this means all files were formatted successfully.
+            In @|yellow CHECK|@ mode, this means all files were already formatted properly.""",
+            """
+            1:Some files need to be formatted.
+            In @|yellow APPLY|@ mode, this means some files failed to be formatted (see output for details).
+            In @|yellow CHECK|@ mode, this means some files are currently not formatted properly (and might be fixed in APPLY mode).""",
+            """
+            -1:Some files did not converge. This can happen when one formatter does not converge on the file content.
+            You can find more about this special case here:
+              <https://github.com/diffplug/spotless/blob/main/PADDEDCELL.md>""",
+            "-2:An exception occurred during execution."
+        },
+        subcommandsRepeatable = true,
+        subcommands = {
+            ClangFormat.class,
+            FormatAnnotations.class,
+            GoogleJavaFormat.class,
+            LicenseHeader.class,
+            PalantirJavaFormat.class,
+            Prettier.class
+        })
+public class SpotlessCLI implements SpotlessAction, SpotlessCommand, SpotlessActionContextProvider {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpotlessCLI.class);
+
+    @CommandLine.Spec
+    CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec spec; // injected by picocli
+
+    private @NotNull Output output;
+
+    private final SpotlessRunCleanup spotlessRunCleanup = SpotlessRunCleanup.INSTANCE; // just keep a reference here
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--mode", "-m"},
+            defaultValue = "APPLY",
+            description =
+                    "The mode to run spotless in." + OptionConstants.VALID_AND_DEFAULT_VALUES_SUFFIX
+                            + OptionConstants.NEW_LINE
+                            + """
+                    APPLY: Apply the correct formatting where needed (replace file contents with formatted content).
+                    CHECK: Check if the files are formatted or show the diff of the formatting.""")
+    SpotlessMode spotlessMode;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--basedir"},
+            hidden = true,
+            description = "The base directory to run spotless in. Intended for testing purposes only.")
+    Path baseDir;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--target", "-t"},
+            description =
+                    """
+        The target files to format. Blobs are supported.
+        Examples:
+        -t 'src/**/*.java'
+        -t 'src/**/*.kt'
+        -t 'README.md'""")
+    public List<String> targets;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--encoding", "-e"},
+            defaultValue = "UTF-8",
+            description = "The encoding of the files to format." + OptionConstants.DEFAULT_VALUE_SUFFIX)
+    public Charset encoding;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--line-ending", "-l"},
+            defaultValue = "UNIX",
+            description = "The line ending of the files to format." + OptionConstants.VALID_AND_DEFAULT_VALUES_SUFFIX)
+    public LineEnding lineEnding;
+
+    private int parallelity;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--parallelity", "-p"},
+            paramLabel = "N",
+            description =
+                    "The number of parallel formatter threads to run. " + OptionConstants.DEFAULT_VALUE_SUFFIX_BEGIN
+                            + "#cores * 0.5" + OptionConstants.DEFAULT_VALUE_SUFFIX_END)
+    public void setParallelity(int parallelity) {
+        if (parallelity < 1) {
+            throw new CommandLine.ParameterException(spec.commandLine(), "Error: --parallelity must be > 0");
+        }
+        this.parallelity = parallelity;
+    }
+
+    @CommandLine.ArgGroup(exclusive = true, multiplicity = "0..1")
+    LoggingLevelOptions loggingLevelOptions;
+
+    public static class LoggingLevelOptions {
+
+        @CommandLine.Spec
+        CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec spec; // injected by picocli
+
+        private boolean[] verbosity;
+
+        @CommandLine.Option(
+                names = {"-v"},
+                description = "Enable verbose output. Multiple -v options increase the verbosity (max 5).",
+                arity = "0")
+        public void setVerbose(boolean[] verbosity) {
+            if (verbosity.length > 5) {
+                throw new CommandLine.ParameterException(
+                        spec.commandLine(), "Error: --verbose can be used at most 5 times");
+            }
+            this.verbosity = verbosity;
+        }
+
+        @CommandLine.Option(
+                names = {"--quiet", "-q"},
+                description = "Disable as much output as possible.",
+                arity = "0")
+        public boolean quiet;
+
+        LoggingConfigurer.CLIOutputLevel toCliOutputLevel() {
+            if (quiet) {
+                return LoggingConfigurer.CLIOutputLevel.QUIET;
+            }
+            if (verbosity == null) {
+                return LoggingConfigurer.CLIOutputLevel.DEFAULT;
+            }
+            int verbosityCount = this.verbosity.length;
+            return LoggingConfigurer.CLIOutputLevel.verbosity(verbosityCount);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--log-file"},
+            description = "The log file to write the output to.")
+    File logFile;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--zzz"},
+            hidden = true,
+            defaultValue = "true",
+            description = "Just a hook to be able to initialize logging.")
+    void setFinal(boolean finalFlag) {
+        // this is a hack to make sure that the logging is initialized before any processing occurs outside of parsing
+        // the command line.
+        // Maybe there is a picocli hook I've missed for this?
+        this.output = setupLogging(spec, loggingLevelOptions, logFile);
+    }
+
+    private static @NotNull Output setupLogging(
+            CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec spec, LoggingLevelOptions loggingLevelOptions, File logFile) {
+        CommandLine commandLine = spec.commandLine();
+        LoggingConfigurer.CLIOutputLevel outputLevel = loggingLevelOptions != null
+                ? loggingLevelOptions.toCliOutputLevel()
+                : LoggingConfigurer.CLIOutputLevel.DEFAULT;
+        Output output =
+                LoggingConfigurer.configureLogging(outputLevel, logFile, commandLine::getErr, commandLine::getOut);
+        // the following logs are to make sure that the logging is configured correctly
+        logMetaStatements();
+        return output;
+    }
+
+    private static void logMetaStatements() {
+        Logger spotlessCliLogger = LoggerFactory.getLogger("com.diffplug.spotless.cli.meta");
+        spotlessCliLogger.info("Meta: spotless cli loggers on level info enabled.");
+        spotlessCliLogger.debug("Meta: spotless cli loggers on level debug enabled.");
+        Logger spotlessLibLogger = LoggerFactory.getLogger("com.diffplug.spotless.meta");
+        spotlessLibLogger.info("Meta: spotless loggers on level info enabled.");
+        spotlessLibLogger.debug("Meta: spotless loggers on level debug enabled.");
+        Logger nonSpotlessLogger = LoggerFactory.getLogger("meta");
+        nonSpotlessLogger.info("Meta: non-spotless loggers on level info enabled.");
+        nonSpotlessLogger.debug("Meta: non-spotless loggers on level debug enabled.");
+    }
+
+    public @NotNull Output output() {
+        return this.output;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public @NotNull Integer executeSpotlessAction(@NotNull FormatterStepsSupplier formatterSteps) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(output);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(formatterSteps);
+        LOGGER.info(
+                "Running spotless cli command line: {}",
+                spec.commandLine().getParseResult().originalArgs());
+        validateTargets();
+        TargetResolver targetResolver = targetResolver();
+
+        try (FormatterFactory formatterFactory =
+                        new ThreadLocalFormatterFactory(lineEnding.createPolicy(), encoding, formatterSteps);
+                ExecutorService executor = createExecutorServiceForFormatting()) {
+
+            List<Future<Result>> stepResults = targetResolver
+                    .resolveTargets()
+                    .map(path -> {
+                        return executor.submit(() -> {
+                            Formatter formatter = formatterFactory.createFormatter();
+                            // actual formatting
+                            LOGGER.debug("Formatting file: {}", path);
+                            LintState lintState = LintState.of(formatter, path.toFile());
+                            LOGGER.debug("LintState for file {}: {}", path, lintState);
+                            return new Result(path, lintState, formatter);
+                        });
+                    })
+                    .toList();
+            ResultType resultType = stepResults.stream()
+                    .map(future -> ThrowingEx.get(future::get))
+                    .map(this::handleResult)
+                    .reduce(ResultType.CLEAN, ResultType::combineWith);
+            return spotlessMode.translateResultTypeToExitCode(resultType);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private @NotNull ExecutorService createExecutorServiceForFormatting() {
+        return Executors.newFixedThreadPool(numberOfParallelThreads());
+    }
+
+    private int numberOfParallelThreads() {
+        return parallelity == 0 ? Math.max(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() / 2, 1) : parallelity;
+    }
+
+    private void validateTargets() {
+        if (targets == null || targets.isEmpty()) { // cannot use `required = true` because of the subcommands
+            throw new CommandLine.ParameterException(
+                    spec.commandLine(),
+                    "Error: Missing required argument (specify one of these): (--target=<targets> | -t)");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ResultType handleResult(Result result) {
+        if (result.lintState().isClean()) {
+            LOGGER.debug("File is clean: {}", result.target().toFile());
+            return ResultType.CLEAN;
+        }
+        if (result.lintState().getDirtyState().didNotConverge()) {
+            LOGGER.warn("File did not converge: {}", result.target().toFile());
+            return ResultType.DID_NOT_CONVERGE;
+        }
+        return this.spotlessMode.handleResult(output, result);
+    }
+
+    private TargetResolver targetResolver() {
+        return new TargetResolver(baseDir(), targets);
+    }
+
+    private Path baseDir() {
+        return baseDir == null ? Path.of(System.getProperty("user.dir")) : baseDir;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SpotlessActionContext spotlessActionContext(SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream) {
+        validateTargets();
+        TargetResolver targetResolver = targetResolver();
+        TargetFileTypeInferer targetFileTypeInferer = new TargetFileTypeInferer(targetResolver);
+        return SpotlessActionContext.builder()
+                .targetFileType(targetFileTypeInferer.inferTargetFileType())
+                .fileResolver(new FileResolver(baseDir()))
+                .commandLineStream(commandLineStream)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String... args) {
+        int exitCode = createCommandLine(createInstance()).execute(args);
+        System.exit(exitCode);
+    }
+
+    static SpotlessCLI createInstance() {
+        return new SpotlessCLI();
+    }
+
+    static CommandLine createCommandLine(SpotlessCLI spotlessCLI) {
+        return new CommandLine(spotlessCLI)
+                .setExecutionStrategy(new SpotlessExecutionStrategy())
+                .setCaseInsensitiveEnumValuesAllowed(true);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCommand.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCommand.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..603bdb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCommand.java
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+public interface SpotlessCommand {}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessMode.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessMode.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95844d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessMode.java
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.ThrowingEx;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.Diff;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.logging.output.Output;
+
+enum SpotlessMode {
+    CHECK {
+        private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpotlessMode.class);
+
+        @Override
+        ResultType handleResult(Output output, Result result) {
+            if (result.lintState().isHasLints()) {
+                output.eitherDefault(() -> new Output.MessageWithArgs(
+                                "File has lints: {} -- {}",
+                                result.target().toFile().getPath(),
+                                result.lintState()
+                                        .asStringOneLine(result.target().toFile(), result.formatter())))
+                        .orDetail(() -> new Output.MessageWithArgs(
+                                "File has lints: {}\n\t{}",
+                                result.target().toFile().getPath(),
+                                result.lintState()
+                                        .asStringDetailed(result.target().toFile(), result.formatter())));
+                return ResultType.DIRTY;
+            }
+
+            try (ByteArrayOutputStream cleanedOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+                result.lintState().getDirtyState().writeCanonicalTo(cleanedOutputStream);
+                String cleaned = cleanedOutputStream.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+                String original = Files.readString(result.target(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+
+                final int diffs = Diff.countLineDifferences(original, cleaned);
+                output.eitherDefault(() -> {
+                            if (diffs > 0) {
+                                return new Output.MessageWithArgs(
+                                        "File needs reformatting: {} -- {} differences", result.target(), diffs);
+                            }
+                            return new Output.MessageWithArgs("File is clean: {}", result.target());
+                        })
+                        .orDetail(() -> {
+                            String diffString = Diff.createDiffString(original, cleaned, result.target());
+                            String delim = "*".repeat(80);
+                            if (diffs > 0) {
+                                return new Output.MessageWithArgs(
+                                        "File needs reformatting: {}\n{}\n{}\n{}",
+                                        result.target(),
+                                        delim,
+                                        diffString,
+                                        delim);
+                            }
+                            return new Output.MessageWithArgs("File is clean: {}", result.target());
+                        });
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw ThrowingEx.asRuntime(e);
+            }
+            return ResultType.DIRTY;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        Integer translateResultTypeToExitCode(ResultType resultType) {
+            return switch (resultType) {
+                case CLEAN -> 0;
+                case DIRTY -> 1;
+                case DID_NOT_CONVERGE -> -1;
+            };
+        }
+    },
+    APPLY {
+        private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpotlessMode.class);
+
+        @Override
+        ResultType handleResult(Output output, Result result) {
+            if (result.lintState().isHasLints()) {
+                // something went wrong, we should not apply the changes
+                output.eitherDefault(() -> new Output.MessageWithArgs(
+                                "File has lints: {} -- {}",
+                                result.target().toFile().getPath(),
+                                result.lintState()
+                                        .asStringOneLine(result.target().toFile(), result.formatter())))
+                        .orDetail(() -> new Output.MessageWithArgs(
+                                "File has lints: {}\n\t{}",
+                                result.target().toFile().getPath(),
+                                result.lintState()
+                                        .asStringDetailed(result.target().toFile(), result.formatter())));
+                return ResultType.DIRTY;
+            } else {
+                LOGGER.debug(
+                        "Apply-Result - File is clean: {}",
+                        result.target().toFile().getPath());
+            }
+            ThrowingEx.run(() -> result.lintState()
+                    .getDirtyState()
+                    .writeCanonicalTo(result.target().toFile()));
+            return ResultType.CLEAN;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        Integer translateResultTypeToExitCode(ResultType resultType) {
+            return switch (resultType) {
+                case CLEAN -> 0;
+                case DIRTY -> 1;
+                case DID_NOT_CONVERGE -> -1;
+            };
+        }
+    };
+
+    abstract ResultType handleResult(Output output, Result result);
+
+    abstract Integer translateResultTypeToExitCode(ResultType resultType);
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/ThreadLocalFormatterFactory.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/ThreadLocalFormatterFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23b869b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/ThreadLocalFormatterFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.Formatter;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.LineEnding;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.execution.FormatterStepsSupplier;
+
+public class ThreadLocalFormatterFactory implements FormatterFactory {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ThreadLocalFormatterFactory.class);
+
+    private final LineEnding.Policy policy;
+    private final Charset encoding;
+    private final FormatterStepsSupplier formatterSteps;
+
+    private final ThreadLocal<Formatter> threadLocalFormatter = new ThreadLocal<>();
+    private final java.util.Set<Formatter> createdFormatters = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+
+    public ThreadLocalFormatterFactory(
+            LineEnding.Policy policy, Charset encoding, FormatterStepsSupplier formatterSteps) {
+        this.policy = policy;
+        this.encoding = encoding;
+        this.formatterSteps = formatterSteps;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Formatter createFormatter() {
+        if (threadLocalFormatter.get() == null) {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                if (threadLocalFormatter.get() == null) {
+                    LOGGER.info(
+                            "Creating Formatter for thread: {}",
+                            Thread.currentThread().getName());
+                    Formatter formatter = Formatter.builder()
+                            .lineEndingsPolicy(policy)
+                            .encoding(encoding)
+                            .steps(formatterSteps.getFormatterSteps())
+                            .build();
+                    createdFormatters.add(formatter);
+                    threadLocalFormatter.set(formatter);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return threadLocalFormatter.get();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        createdFormatters.forEach(Formatter::close);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/ChecksumCalculator.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/ChecksumCalculator.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76406da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/ChecksumCalculator.java
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import com.diffplug.common.hash.Hashing;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.ThrowingEx;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.SpotlessAction;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.SpotlessCLIFormatterStep;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+public class ChecksumCalculator {
+
+    public String calculateChecksum(String text) {
+        byte[] bytes = text.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        return toHashedHexBytes(bytes);
+    }
+
+    public String calculateChecksum(SpotlessCLIFormatterStep step) {
+        try (ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+            writeObjectDataTo(step, out);
+            return toHashedHexBytes(out.toByteArray());
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw ThrowingEx.asRuntime(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void writeObjectDataTo(Object object, OutputStream outputStream) {
+        ThrowingEx.run(() -> outputStream.write(object.getClass().getName().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
+        options(object)
+                .map(Object::toString)
+                .map(str -> str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
+                .forEachOrdered(bytes -> ThrowingEx.run(() -> outputStream.write(bytes)));
+    }
+
+    public String calculateChecksum(SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream) {
+        try (ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+
+            calculateChecksumOfActions(commandLineStream.actions(), out);
+
+            calculateChecksumOfSteps(commandLineStream.formatterSteps(), out);
+            return toHashedHexBytes(out.toByteArray());
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw ThrowingEx.asRuntime(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void calculateChecksumOfSteps(
+            Stream<SpotlessCLIFormatterStep> spotlessCLIFormatterStepStream, ByteArrayOutputStream out) {
+        spotlessCLIFormatterStepStream.forEachOrdered(step -> writeObjectDataTo(step, out));
+    }
+
+    private void calculateChecksumOfActions(Stream<SpotlessAction> actions, ByteArrayOutputStream out) {
+        actions.forEachOrdered(action -> writeObjectDataTo(action, out));
+    }
+
+    private static Stream<Object> options(Object step) {
+        List<Class<?>> classHierarchy = classHierarchy(step);
+        return classHierarchy.stream()
+                .flatMap(clazz -> Arrays.stream(clazz.getDeclaredFields()))
+                .flatMap(field -> expandOptionField(field, step))
+                .map(FieldOnObject::getValue)
+                .filter(Objects::nonNull);
+    }
+
+    private static List<Class<?>> classHierarchy(Object obj) {
+        List<Class<?>> hierarchy = new ArrayList<>();
+        Class<?> clazz = obj.getClass();
+        while (clazz != null) {
+            hierarchy.add(clazz);
+            clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
+        }
+        return hierarchy;
+    }
+
+    private static Stream<FieldOnObject> expandOptionField(Field field, Object obj) {
+        if (field.isAnnotationPresent(CommandLine.Option.class)
+                || field.isAnnotationPresent(CommandLine.Parameters.class)
+                || isAnnotatedSetterPresent(CommandLine.Option.class, field, obj)
+                || isAnnotatedSetterPresent(CommandLine.Parameters.class, field, obj)) {
+            return Stream.of(new FieldOnObject(field, obj));
+        }
+        if (field.isAnnotationPresent(CommandLine.ArgGroup.class)
+                || isAnnotatedSetterPresent(CommandLine.ArgGroup.class, field, obj)) {
+            Object fieldValue = new FieldOnObject(field, obj).getValue();
+            if (fieldValue == null) {
+                return Stream.empty();
+            }
+            return Arrays.stream(fieldValue.getClass().getDeclaredFields())
+                    .flatMap(subField -> expandOptionField(subField, fieldValue));
+        }
+        return Stream.empty(); // nothing to expand
+    }
+
+    private static <T extends Annotation> boolean isAnnotatedSetterPresent(
+            Class<T> annotation, Field field, Object obj) {
+        return Arrays.stream(obj.getClass().getDeclaredMethods())
+                .filter(method -> method.getName().startsWith("set"))
+                .filter(method -> method.getParameterCount() == 1)
+                .filter(method -> method.getParameterTypes()[0].equals(field.getType()))
+                .anyMatch(method -> method.isAnnotationPresent(annotation));
+    }
+
+    private static String toHashedHexBytes(byte[] bytes) {
+        byte[] hash = Hashing.murmur3_128().hashBytes(bytes).asBytes();
+        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        for (byte b : hash) {
+            builder.append(String.format("%02x", b));
+        }
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static class FieldOnObject {
+        private final Field field;
+        private final Object obj;
+
+        FieldOnObject(Field field, Object obj) {
+            this.field = field;
+            this.obj = obj;
+        }
+
+        @Nullable Object getValue() {
+            ThrowingEx.run(() -> field.setAccessible(true));
+            return ThrowingEx.get(() -> field.get(obj));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/CliJarProvisioner.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/CliJarProvisioner.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f1ab95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/CliJarProvisioner.java
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.JarState;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.Provisioner;
+
+/**
+ * Since we are not a build tool per se, we do not actually have a provisioning
+ * method other than our app bundle itself. And as we want to compile to native
+ * we cannot use dynamic class loading. So override spotless-lib dynamic class loading
+ * to actually use only classes within our distribution.
+ */
+public class CliJarProvisioner implements Provisioner {
+
+    public static final CliJarProvisioner INSTANCE = new CliJarProvisioner();
+
+    public static final File OWN_JAR = createSentinelFile();
+
+    public CliJarProvisioner() {
+        JarState.setForcedClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader()); // use the classloader of this class
+    }
+
+    private static File createSentinelFile() {
+        try {
+            File file = File.createTempFile("spotless-cli", ".jar");
+            Files.write(
+                    file.toPath(),
+                    List.of("@@@@PLACEHOLDER_FOR_OWN_JAR@@@@"),
+                    StandardCharsets.UTF_8,
+                    java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING);
+            file.deleteOnExit();
+            return file;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Could not create sentinel file", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Set<File> provisionWithTransitives(boolean withTransitives, Collection<String> mavenCoordinates) {
+        return Set.of(OWN_JAR);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/Diff.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/Diff.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3aa119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/Diff.java
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import difflib.DiffUtils;
+import difflib.Patch;
+
+public final class Diff {
+
+    public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_PATCHES = 3;
+    public static final int DEFAULT_CONTEXT = 0;
+
+    private Diff() {
+        // no instance
+    }
+
+    public static int countLineDifferences(String dirty, String clean) {
+        return DiffUtils.diff(lines(dirty), lines(clean)).getDeltas().size();
+    }
+
+    public static String createDiffString(String dirty, String clean, Path file) {
+        return createDiffString(dirty, clean, file, Limits.defaultLimits());
+    }
+
+    public static String createDiffString(String dirty, String clean, Path file, Limits limits) {
+        List<String> dirtyLines = lines(dirty);
+        List<String> cleanLines = lines(clean);
+
+        final Patch<String> patch = DiffUtils.diff(dirtyLines, cleanLines);
+
+        // limit to 3 diffs to avoid too much output
+        final Patch<String> limitedPatch = new Patch<>();
+        patch.getDeltas().stream().limit(limits.maxPatches()).forEachOrdered(limitedPatch::addDelta);
+
+        final List<String> diff = new ArrayList<>(DiffUtils.generateUnifiedDiff(
+                file.toString(), file + "(cleaned)", dirtyLines, limitedPatch, limits.diffContext()));
+        if (limitedPatch.getDeltas().size() != patch.getDeltas().size()) {
+            diff.add("[...]"); // indicate that we have more diffs
+        }
+        return String.join("\n", diff);
+    }
+
+    private static List<String> lines(String string) {
+        return Arrays.asList(string.split("\r?\n"));
+    }
+
+    public record Limits(int maxPatches, int diffContext) {
+        static Limits defaultLimits() {
+            return new Limits(DEFAULT_MAX_PATCHES, DEFAULT_CONTEXT);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/ExecutionLayout.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/ExecutionLayout.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a68cf51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/ExecutionLayout.java
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.BuildDirGloballyReusable;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.SpotlessCLIFormatterStep;
+
+public class ExecutionLayout {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExecutionLayout.class);
+
+    private final FileResolver fileResolver;
+    private final SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream;
+    private final ChecksumCalculator checksumCalculator;
+    private final Integer deriveId;
+
+    private ExecutionLayout(@NotNull FileResolver fileResolver, @NotNull SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream) {
+        this.fileResolver = Objects.requireNonNull(fileResolver);
+        this.commandLineStream = Objects.requireNonNull(commandLineStream);
+        this.checksumCalculator = new ChecksumCalculator();
+        this.deriveId = 0;
+    }
+
+    private ExecutionLayout(
+            @NotNull FileResolver fileResolver,
+            @NotNull SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream,
+            @NotNull ChecksumCalculator checksumCalculator,
+            @NotNull Integer deriveId) {
+        this.fileResolver = fileResolver;
+        this.commandLineStream = commandLineStream;
+        this.checksumCalculator = checksumCalculator;
+        this.deriveId = deriveId;
+    }
+
+    public static ExecutionLayout create(
+            @NotNull FileResolver fileResolver, @NotNull SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream) {
+        return new ExecutionLayout(fileResolver, commandLineStream);
+    }
+
+    public Optional<Path> find(@Nullable Path searchPath) {
+        if (searchPath == null) {
+            return Optional.empty();
+        }
+        Path found = fileResolver.resolvePath(searchPath);
+        if (found.toFile().canRead()) {
+            return Optional.of(found);
+        }
+        return Optional.empty();
+    }
+
+    public Path baseDir() {
+        return fileResolver.baseDir();
+    }
+
+    public Path buildDir() {
+        if (isGradleDirectory()) {
+            Path gradleBuildDir = gradleBuildDir();
+            LOGGER.info("Using Gradle build directory as buildDir: {}", gradleBuildDir);
+            return gradleBuildDir;
+        }
+        if (isMavenDirectory()) {
+            Path mavenBuildDir = mavenBuildDir();
+            LOGGER.info("Using Maven build directory as buildDir: {}", mavenBuildDir);
+            return mavenBuildDir;
+        }
+        Path tempBuildDir = tempBuildDir();
+        LOGGER.info("Using temporary build directory as buildDir: {}", tempBuildDir);
+        SpotlessRunCleanup.INSTANCE.deleteDirOnCleanup(commandLineStream, tempBuildDir);
+        return tempBuildDir;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isGradleDirectory() {
+        return Stream.of("build.gradle", "build.gradle.kts", "settings.gradle", "settings.gradle.kts")
+                .map(Paths::get)
+                .map(this::find)
+                .anyMatch(Optional::isPresent);
+    }
+
+    private Path gradleBuildDir() {
+        return fileResolver.resolvePath(Paths.get("build", "spotless-cli", String.valueOf(deriveId)));
+    }
+
+    private boolean isMavenDirectory() {
+        return Stream.of("pom.xml").map(Paths::get).map(this::find).anyMatch(Optional::isPresent);
+    }
+
+    private Path mavenBuildDir() {
+        return fileResolver.resolvePath(Paths.get("target", "spotless-cli", String.valueOf(deriveId)));
+    }
+
+    private Path tempBuildDir() {
+        String tmpDir = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
+        String baseDirHash =
+                checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(baseDir().toAbsolutePath().toString());
+        return Path.of(tmpDir, "spotless-cli", baseDirHash, String.valueOf(deriveId));
+    }
+
+    public Path buildDirFor(@NotNull SpotlessCLIFormatterStep step) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(step);
+        Path buildDir = buildDir();
+        String checksum = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(step);
+        if (step instanceof BuildDirGloballyReusable) {
+            return buildDir.resolve(checksum);
+        }
+        String commandLineChecksum = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(commandLineStream);
+        return buildDir.resolve(checksum + "-" + commandLineChecksum);
+    }
+
+    public @NotNull ExecutionLayout deriveLayout(Integer deriveId) {
+        return new ExecutionLayout(fileResolver, commandLineStream, checksumCalculator, deriveId);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/FilePathUtil.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/FilePathUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80d4188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/FilePathUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+public final class FilePathUtil {
+
+    private FilePathUtil() {
+        // no instance
+    }
+
+    public static File asFile(Path path) {
+        return path == null ? null : path.toFile();
+    }
+
+    public static List<File> asFiles(List<Path> paths) {
+        return paths == null ? null : paths.stream().map(Path::toFile).collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    public static List<Boolean> assertDirectoryExists(File... files) {
+        return assertDirectoryExists(Arrays.asList(files));
+    }
+
+    public static List<Boolean> assertDirectoryExists(List<File> files) {
+        return files.stream().map(f -> f != null && f.mkdirs()).collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/FileResolver.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/FileResolver.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..789eba1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/FileResolver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+public class FileResolver {
+    private final Path baseDir;
+
+    public FileResolver(@NotNull Path baseDir) {
+        this.baseDir = Objects.requireNonNull(baseDir);
+    }
+
+    Path baseDir() {
+        return baseDir;
+    }
+
+    public File resolveFile(File file) {
+        return resolvePath(file.toPath()).toFile();
+    }
+
+    public Path resolvePath(Path path) {
+        if (path.isAbsolute()) {
+            return path;
+        }
+        return baseDir.resolve(path);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/SpotlessActionContext.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/SpotlessActionContext.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee0f035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/SpotlessActionContext.java
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.Provisioner;
+
+public class SpotlessActionContext {
+
+    private final TargetFileTypeInferer.TargetFileType targetFileType;
+    private final FileResolver fileResolver;
+    private final ExecutionLayout executionLayout;
+
+    private SpotlessActionContext(
+            @NotNull TargetFileTypeInferer.TargetFileType targetFileType,
+            @NotNull FileResolver fileResolver,
+            @NotNull SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream) {
+        this.targetFileType = Objects.requireNonNull(targetFileType);
+        this.fileResolver = Objects.requireNonNull(fileResolver);
+        this.executionLayout = ExecutionLayout.create(fileResolver, Objects.requireNonNull(commandLineStream));
+    }
+
+    public SpotlessActionContext(
+            @NotNull TargetFileTypeInferer.TargetFileType targetFileType,
+            @NotNull FileResolver fileResolver,
+            @NotNull ExecutionLayout executionLayout) {
+        this.targetFileType = targetFileType;
+        this.fileResolver = fileResolver;
+        this.executionLayout = executionLayout;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull public TargetFileTypeInferer.TargetFileType targetFileType() {
+        return targetFileType;
+    }
+
+    public File resolveFile(File file) {
+        return fileResolver.resolveFile(file);
+    }
+
+    public Path resolvePath(Path path) {
+        return fileResolver.resolvePath(path);
+    }
+
+    public Provisioner provisioner() {
+        return CliJarProvisioner.INSTANCE;
+    }
+
+    public ExecutionLayout executionLayout() {
+        return executionLayout;
+    }
+
+    public static Builder builder() {
+        return new Builder();
+    }
+
+    public SpotlessActionContext deriveContext(Integer deriveId) {
+        return new SpotlessActionContext(targetFileType, fileResolver, executionLayout.deriveLayout(deriveId));
+    }
+
+    public static class Builder {
+        private TargetFileTypeInferer.TargetFileType targetFileType;
+        private FileResolver fileResolver;
+        private SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream;
+
+        public Builder targetFileType(TargetFileTypeInferer.TargetFileType targetFileType) {
+            this.targetFileType = targetFileType;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder fileResolver(FileResolver fileResolver) {
+            this.fileResolver = fileResolver;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder commandLineStream(SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream) {
+            this.commandLineStream = commandLineStream;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public SpotlessActionContext build() {
+            return new SpotlessActionContext(targetFileType, fileResolver, commandLineStream);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/SpotlessCommandLineStream.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/SpotlessCommandLineStream.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..451c562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/SpotlessCommandLineStream.java
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core;
+
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.SpotlessAction;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.SpotlessActionContextProvider;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.SpotlessCLIFormatterStep;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+public interface SpotlessCommandLineStream {
+
+    static SpotlessCommandLineStream of(CommandLine.ParseResult parseResult) {
+        return new DefaultSpotlessCommandLineStream(parseResult);
+    }
+
+    Stream<SpotlessCLIFormatterStep> formatterSteps();
+
+    Stream<SpotlessActionContextProvider> contextProviders();
+
+    Stream<SpotlessAction> actions();
+
+    class DefaultSpotlessCommandLineStream implements SpotlessCommandLineStream {
+
+        private final CommandLine.ParseResult parseResult;
+
+        private DefaultSpotlessCommandLineStream(CommandLine.ParseResult parseResult) {
+            this.parseResult = parseResult;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Stream<SpotlessCLIFormatterStep> formatterSteps() {
+            return parseResult.asCommandLineList().stream()
+                    .map(CommandLine::getCommand)
+                    .filter(command -> command instanceof SpotlessCLIFormatterStep)
+                    .map(SpotlessCLIFormatterStep.class::cast);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Stream<SpotlessActionContextProvider> contextProviders() {
+            return parseResult.asCommandLineList().stream()
+                    .map(CommandLine::getCommand)
+                    .filter(command -> command instanceof SpotlessActionContextProvider)
+                    .map(SpotlessActionContextProvider.class::cast);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Stream<SpotlessAction> actions() {
+            return parseResult.asCommandLineList().stream()
+                    .map(CommandLine::getCommand)
+                    .filter(command -> command instanceof SpotlessAction)
+                    .map(SpotlessAction.class::cast);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/SpotlessRunCleanup.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/SpotlessRunCleanup.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed91575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/SpotlessRunCleanup.java
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core;
+
+import java.lang.ref.Cleaner;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public enum SpotlessRunCleanup {
+    INSTANCE;
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpotlessRunCleanup.class);
+
+    private static final Cleaner CLEANER = Cleaner.create();
+
+    private static final ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Cleaner.Cleanable> CLEANABLES = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
+
+    public void deleteDirOnCleanup(Object reference, Path path) {
+        LOGGER.debug("Registering cleanup for directory: {} -- reference: {}", path, reference);
+        CLEANABLES.add(CLEANER.register(reference, new PathCleanup(path)));
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void clearCleanables() {
+        while (!CLEANABLES.isEmpty()) {
+            Cleaner.Cleanable cleanable = CLEANABLES.poll();
+            if (cleanable != null) {
+                cleanable.clean();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private record PathCleanup(Path path) implements Runnable {
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            // delete the directory
+            deleteDir();
+        }
+
+        private void deleteDir() {
+            if (!Files.exists(path)) {
+                LOGGER.debug("Directory does not exist, nothing to delete: {}", path);
+                return; // Directory does not exist, nothing to delete
+            }
+            LOGGER.info("Deleting directory: {}", path);
+            try {
+                Files.walk(path).sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder()).forEach(file -> {
+                    try {
+                        Files.delete(file);
+                    } catch (Exception e) {
+                        throw new RuntimeException("Failed to delete file: " + file, e);
+                    }
+                });
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                LOGGER.warn("Failed to delete directory: {}", path, e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/TargetFileTypeInferer.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/TargetFileTypeInferer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f55c117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/TargetFileTypeInferer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+public class TargetFileTypeInferer {
+
+    private final TargetResolver targetResolver;
+
+    public TargetFileTypeInferer(TargetResolver targetResolver) {
+        this.targetResolver = Objects.requireNonNull(targetResolver);
+    }
+
+    public TargetFileType inferTargetFileType() {
+        return targetResolver
+                .resolveTargets()
+                .limit(5) // only check the first n files
+                .map(this::inferFileType)
+                .reduce(this::reduceFileType)
+                .orElseGet(TargetFileType::unknown);
+    }
+
+    private TargetFileType reduceFileType(TargetFileType fileType1, TargetFileType fileType2) {
+        if (Objects.equals(fileType1, fileType2)) {
+            return fileType1;
+        }
+        return TargetFileType.unknown();
+    }
+
+    private TargetFileType inferFileType(@NotNull java.nio.file.Path path) {
+        String fileName = path.getFileName().toString();
+        int lastDotIndex = fileName.lastIndexOf('.');
+        if (lastDotIndex == -1) {
+            return TargetFileType.unknown();
+        }
+        String fileExtension = fileName.substring(lastDotIndex + 1);
+        return new TargetFileType(fileExtension);
+    }
+
+    public static final class TargetFileType {
+        private final String fileExtension;
+
+        private TargetFileType(String fileExtension) {
+            this.fileExtension = fileExtension;
+        }
+
+        public String fileExtension() {
+            return fileExtension;
+        }
+
+        public FileType fileType() {
+            return FileType.fromFileExtension(fileExtension);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object o) {
+            if (this == o) return true;
+            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+            TargetFileType that = (TargetFileType) o;
+            return Objects.equals(fileExtension, that.fileExtension);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hashCode(fileExtension);
+        }
+
+        static TargetFileType unknown() {
+            return new TargetFileType(null);
+        }
+
+        static TargetFileType fromExtension(String fileExtension) {
+            return new TargetFileType(fileExtension);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public enum FileType {
+        JAVA,
+        CPP,
+        ANTLR4("g4"),
+        GROOVY,
+        PROTOBUF("proto"),
+        KOTLIN("kt"),
+        UNDETERMINED("");
+
+        private final String fileExtensionOverride;
+
+        FileType() {
+            this.fileExtensionOverride = null;
+        }
+
+        FileType(String fileExtensionOverride) {
+            this.fileExtensionOverride = fileExtensionOverride;
+        }
+
+        public String fileExtension() {
+            return fileExtensionOverride == null ? name().toLowerCase() : fileExtensionOverride;
+        }
+
+        public static FileType fromFileExtension(String fileExtension) {
+            if (fileExtension == null || fileExtension.isEmpty()) {
+                return UNDETERMINED;
+            }
+            return Arrays.stream(values())
+                    .filter(fileType -> fileType.fileExtension().equalsIgnoreCase(fileExtension))
+                    .findFirst()
+                    .orElse(UNDETERMINED);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/TargetResolver.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/TargetResolver.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..891aca3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/TargetResolver.java
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.PathMatcher;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.ThrowingEx;
+
+public class TargetResolver {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TargetResolver.class);
+
+    private final List<String> targets;
+    private final FileResolver fileResolver;
+
+    public TargetResolver(@NotNull Path baseDir, @NotNull List<String> targets) {
+        this.fileResolver = new FileResolver(baseDir);
+        this.targets = Objects.requireNonNull(targets);
+    }
+
+    public Stream<Path> resolveTargets() {
+        return targets.stream().flatMap(this::resolveTarget);
+    }
+
+    private Stream<Path> resolveTarget(String target) {
+        boolean isGlob = target.contains("*") || target.contains("?");
+        if (isGlob) {
+            LOGGER.debug("Resolving target as glob: {}", target);
+            return resolveGlob(target);
+        }
+        Path targetPath = fileResolver.resolvePath(Path.of(target));
+        if (Files.isRegularFile(targetPath) && Files.isReadable(targetPath)) {
+            LOGGER.debug("Resolving target as file: {}", target);
+            return Stream.of(targetPath);
+        }
+        if (Files.isDirectory(targetPath)) {
+            LOGGER.debug("Resolving target as directory: {}", target);
+            return resolveDir(targetPath);
+        }
+        LOGGER.info("Target not found: {}", target);
+        return Stream.empty();
+    }
+
+    private Stream<Path> resolveDir(Path startDir) {
+        return ThrowingEx.get(() -> Files.walk(startDir)).filter(Files::isRegularFile);
+    }
+
+    private Stream<Path> resolveGlob(String glob) {
+        // Split the glob into directory parts and the glob pattern.
+        String[] parts = glob.split(Pattern.quote(File.separator));
+        List<String> startDirParts =
+                Stream.of(parts).takeWhile(part -> !isGlobPathPart(part)).toList();
+
+        Path startDir = Path.of(
+                glob.startsWith(File.separator)
+                        ? File.separator
+                        : fileResolver.baseDir().toString(),
+                startDirParts.toArray(String[]::new));
+        String globPart = Stream.of(parts).skip(startDirParts.size()).collect(Collectors.joining(File.separator));
+
+        final PathMatcher matcher = FileSystems.getDefault().getPathMatcher("glob:" + globPart);
+        return ThrowingEx.get(() -> Files.walk(startDir))
+                .filter(Files::isRegularFile)
+                .filter(path -> matcher.matches(startDir.relativize(path)))
+                .map(Path::normalize);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isGlobPathPart(String part) {
+        return part.contains("*") || part.contains("?") || part.matches(".*\\[.*].*") || part.matches(".*\\{.*}.*");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/execution/FormatterStepsSupplier.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/execution/FormatterStepsSupplier.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5dd8a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/execution/FormatterStepsSupplier.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.execution;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.FormatterStep;
+
+public interface FormatterStepsSupplier {
+
+    List<FormatterStep> getFormatterSteps();
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/execution/FormatterStepsSupplierFactory.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/execution/FormatterStepsSupplierFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7c04a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/execution/FormatterStepsSupplierFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.execution;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessActionContext;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessCommandLineStream;
+
+public interface FormatterStepsSupplierFactory {
+
+    FormatterStepsSupplier createFormatterStepsSupplier(
+            SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream, SpotlessActionContext context);
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/execution/SpotlessExecutionStrategy.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/execution/SpotlessExecutionStrategy.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f7df8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/execution/SpotlessExecutionStrategy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.execution;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessActionContext;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessCommandLineStream;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+import static picocli.CommandLine.executeHelpRequest;
+
+public class SpotlessExecutionStrategy implements CommandLine.IExecutionStrategy {
+
+    public int execute(CommandLine.ParseResult parseResult) throws CommandLine.ExecutionException {
+        Integer helpResult = executeHelpRequest(parseResult);
+        if (helpResult != null) {
+            return helpResult;
+        }
+        return runSpotlessActions(SpotlessCommandLineStream.of(parseResult));
+    }
+
+    private Integer runSpotlessActions(SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream) {
+        // 1. prepare context
+        SpotlessActionContext context = provideSpotlessActionContext(commandLineStream);
+
+        // 2. run setup (for combining steps handled as subcommands)
+        FormatterStepsSupplierFactory stepsSupplierFactory = new ThreadLocalFormatterStepsFactory();
+        FormatterStepsSupplier stepsSupplier =
+                stepsSupplierFactory.createFormatterStepsSupplier(commandLineStream, context);
+
+        // 3. run spotless steps
+        return executeSpotlessAction(commandLineStream, stepsSupplier);
+    }
+
+    private SpotlessActionContext provideSpotlessActionContext(SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream) {
+        return commandLineStream
+                .contextProviders()
+                .findFirst()
+                .map(provider -> provider.spotlessActionContext(commandLineStream))
+                .orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalStateException("No SpotlessActionContextProvider found"));
+    }
+
+    private Integer executeSpotlessAction(
+            SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream, FormatterStepsSupplier stepsSupplier) {
+        return commandLineStream
+                .actions()
+                .findFirst()
+                .map(spotlessAction -> spotlessAction.executeSpotlessAction(stepsSupplier))
+                .orElse(-1);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/execution/ThreadLocalFormatterStepsFactory.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/execution/ThreadLocalFormatterStepsFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebfbe3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/execution/ThreadLocalFormatterStepsFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.execution;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.FormatterStep;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessActionContext;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessCommandLineStream;
+
+public class ThreadLocalFormatterStepsFactory implements FormatterStepsSupplierFactory {
+
+    @Override
+    public FormatterStepsSupplier createFormatterStepsSupplier(
+            SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream, SpotlessActionContext context) {
+        return new ThreadLocalFormatterStepsSupplier(commandLineStream, context);
+    }
+
+    static class ThreadLocalFormatterStepsSupplier implements FormatterStepsSupplier {
+        private static final AtomicInteger threadCounter = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        private final ThreadLocal<Integer> threadId = ThreadLocal.withInitial(threadCounter::getAndIncrement);
+        private final ThreadLocal<List<FormatterStep>> threadLocalFormatterSteps = new ThreadLocal<>();
+        private final SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream;
+        private final SpotlessActionContext context;
+
+        ThreadLocalFormatterStepsSupplier(SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream, SpotlessActionContext context) {
+            this.commandLineStream = commandLineStream;
+            this.context = context;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public List<FormatterStep> getFormatterSteps() {
+            if (threadLocalFormatterSteps.get() == null) {
+                synchronized (this) {
+                    if (threadLocalFormatterSteps.get() == null) {
+                        SpotlessActionContext threadContext = context.deriveContext(threadId.get());
+                        threadLocalFormatterSteps.set(commandLineStream
+                                .formatterSteps()
+                                .flatMap(step -> step.prepareFormatterSteps(threadContext).stream())
+                                .toList());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return threadLocalFormatterSteps.get();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/help/AdditionalInfoLinks.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/help/AdditionalInfoLinks.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5b84c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/help/AdditionalInfoLinks.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
+public @interface AdditionalInfoLinks {
+
+    @NotNull String[] value();
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/help/FormatterStepConstants.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/help/FormatterStepConstants.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7e0bd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/help/FormatterStepConstants.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help;
+
+public final class FormatterStepConstants {
+
+    // multiline
+    public static final String SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_HEADING_MULTILINE_KEY =
+            "formatterstep.supported.filetypes.help.section.heading.multiline";
+    public static final String SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_HEADING_MULTILINE =
+            "%n✅ This step supports the following @|bold file types|@:%n";
+    public static final String SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_DETAIL_MULTILINE_KEY =
+            "formatterstep.supported.filetypes.help.section.detail";
+
+    // singleline
+    public static final String SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_HEADING_SINGLELINE_KEY =
+            "formatterstep.supported.filetypes.help.section.entry";
+    public static final String SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_HEADING_SINGLELINE =
+            "%n✅ This step supports the following @|bold file type|@: ";
+
+    public static final String SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_INTRO =
+            "✅ The following @|yellow file types|@ are supported by this formatter step:" + OptionConstants.NEW_LINE;
+
+    public static final String HOMEPAGE = "🌎 Homepage: ";
+
+    public static final String ADDITIONAL_INFO_LINKS_SECTION_HEADING_KEY =
+            "formatterstep.additional.infolinks.section.heading";
+
+    public static final String ADDITIONAL_INFO_LINKS_SECTION_HEADING = "%n🌎 Additional info:%n";
+
+    public static final String ADDITIONAL_INFO_LINKS_SECTION_DETAIL_KEY =
+            "formatterstep.additional.infolinks.section.detail";
+
+    private FormatterStepConstants() {
+        // no instance
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/help/OptionConstants.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/help/OptionConstants.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49418cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/help/OptionConstants.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help;
+
+public final class OptionConstants {
+
+    public static final String NEW_LINE = "%n";
+
+    public static final String VALID_VALUES_SUFFIX = NEW_LINE + "One of: ${COMPLETION-CANDIDATES}";
+
+    public static final String DEFAULT_VALUE_SUFFIX = NEW_LINE + "(default: ${DEFAULT-VALUE})";
+
+    public static final String DEFAULT_VALUE_SUFFIX_BEGIN = NEW_LINE + "(default: ";
+
+    public static final String DEFAULT_VALUE_SUFFIX_END = ")";
+
+    public static final String VALID_AND_DEFAULT_VALUES_SUFFIX = VALID_VALUES_SUFFIX + DEFAULT_VALUE_SUFFIX;
+
+    public static final String OPTION_LIST_SPLIT = ",";
+
+    private OptionConstants() {
+        // no instance
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/help/SpotlessFormatterStepHelpRenderer.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/help/SpotlessFormatterStepHelpRenderer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d400f98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/help/SpotlessFormatterStepHelpRenderer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.SpotlessFormatterStep;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+import static com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.FormatterStepConstants.SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_DETAIL_MULTILINE_KEY;
+import static com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.FormatterStepConstants.SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_HEADING_MULTILINE_KEY;
+import static com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.FormatterStepConstants.SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_HEADING_SINGLELINE;
+import static com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.FormatterStepConstants.SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_HEADING_SINGLELINE_KEY;
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+import static picocli.CommandLine.Model.UsageMessageSpec.SECTION_KEY_FOOTER_HEADING;
+
+public class SpotlessFormatterStepHelpRenderer {
+
+    @NotNull private final SpotlessFormatterStep spotlessFormatterStep;
+
+    public SpotlessFormatterStepHelpRenderer(@NotNull SpotlessFormatterStep spotlessFormatterStep) {
+        this.spotlessFormatterStep = requireNonNull(spotlessFormatterStep);
+    }
+
+    // ---- supported file types
+
+    public boolean addSupportedFileTypesSection(@NotNull CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec commandSpec) {
+        requireNonNull(commandSpec);
+        if (!hasSupportedFileTypes()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (supportedFileTypes().size() == 1) {
+            addOneLinedSupportedFileTypes(commandSpec);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        addMultiLinedSupportedFileTypesSection(commandSpec);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasSupportedFileTypes() {
+        return !supportedFileTypes().isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    private List<String> supportedFileTypes() {
+        if (spotlessFormatterStep.getClass().isAnnotationPresent(SupportedFileTypes.class)) {
+            SupportedFileTypes supportedFileTypes =
+                    spotlessFormatterStep.getClass().getAnnotation(SupportedFileTypes.class);
+            assert supportedFileTypes != null;
+            return List.of(supportedFileTypes.value());
+        }
+        return Collections.emptyList();
+    }
+
+    private void addOneLinedSupportedFileTypes(CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec spec) {
+        requireNonNull(spec);
+        spec.commandLine()
+                .getHelpSectionMap()
+                .put(
+                        SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_HEADING_SINGLELINE_KEY,
+                        help -> help.createHeading(SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_HEADING_SINGLELINE
+                                + this.renderSupportedFileTypes(help)));
+        addBefore(
+                spec.commandLine(),
+                SECTION_KEY_FOOTER_HEADING,
+                SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_HEADING_SINGLELINE_KEY);
+    }
+
+    private void addMultiLinedSupportedFileTypesSection(@NotNull CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec spec) {
+        requireNonNull(spec);
+        Map<String, CommandLine.IHelpSectionRenderer> helpSectionMap =
+                spec.commandLine().getHelpSectionMap();
+        helpSectionMap.put(
+                SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_HEADING_MULTILINE_KEY,
+                help -> help.createHeading(FormatterStepConstants.SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_HEADING_MULTILINE));
+        helpSectionMap.put(SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_DETAIL_MULTILINE_KEY, this::renderSupportedFileTypes);
+
+        addBefore(
+                spec.commandLine(),
+                SECTION_KEY_FOOTER_HEADING,
+                SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_HEADING_MULTILINE_KEY,
+                SUPPORTED_FILETYPES_HELP_SECTION_DETAIL_MULTILINE_KEY);
+    }
+
+    private String renderSupportedFileTypes(CommandLine.Help help) {
+        List<String> supportedFileTypes = supportedFileTypes();
+        return renderSectionDetail(help, supportedFileTypes);
+    }
+
+    // --- additionalInfoLinks
+
+    public boolean addAdditionalInfoLinksSection(@NotNull CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec commandSpec) {
+        requireNonNull(commandSpec);
+        if (!hasAdditionalInfoLinks()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        addMultiLinedAdditionalInfoLinksSection(commandSpec);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasAdditionalInfoLinks() {
+        return !additionalInfoLinks().isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    private List<String> additionalInfoLinks() {
+        if (spotlessFormatterStep.getClass().isAnnotationPresent(AdditionalInfoLinks.class)) {
+            AdditionalInfoLinks additionalInfoLinks =
+                    spotlessFormatterStep.getClass().getAnnotation(AdditionalInfoLinks.class);
+            assert additionalInfoLinks != null;
+            return List.of(additionalInfoLinks.value());
+        }
+        return Collections.emptyList();
+    }
+
+    private void addMultiLinedAdditionalInfoLinksSection(@NotNull CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec spec) {
+        requireNonNull(spec);
+        Map<String, CommandLine.IHelpSectionRenderer> helpSectionMap =
+                spec.commandLine().getHelpSectionMap();
+        helpSectionMap.put(
+                FormatterStepConstants.ADDITIONAL_INFO_LINKS_SECTION_HEADING_KEY,
+                help -> help.createHeading(FormatterStepConstants.ADDITIONAL_INFO_LINKS_SECTION_HEADING));
+        helpSectionMap.put(
+                FormatterStepConstants.ADDITIONAL_INFO_LINKS_SECTION_DETAIL_KEY, this::renderAdditionalInfoLinks);
+
+        addBefore(
+                spec.commandLine(),
+                SECTION_KEY_FOOTER_HEADING,
+                FormatterStepConstants.ADDITIONAL_INFO_LINKS_SECTION_HEADING_KEY,
+                FormatterStepConstants.ADDITIONAL_INFO_LINKS_SECTION_DETAIL_KEY);
+    }
+
+    private String renderAdditionalInfoLinks(CommandLine.Help help) {
+        List<String> additionalInfoLinks = additionalInfoLinks();
+        return renderSectionDetail(help, additionalInfoLinks);
+    }
+
+    private String renderSectionDetail(CommandLine.Help help, List<String> detailElements) {
+        if (detailElements.isEmpty()) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        if (detailElements.size() == 1) {
+            return help.createHeading("%s%n", detailElements.getFirst());
+        }
+
+        Map<String, String> sectionDetailElementsMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        for (String element : detailElements) {
+            sectionDetailElementsMap.put(" * " + element, "");
+        }
+        return help.createTextTable(sectionDetailElementsMap).toString();
+    }
+
+    // --- utils
+
+    private void addBefore(
+            @NotNull CommandLine commandLine,
+            @NotNull String targetSectionKey,
+            @NotNull String sectionKeyToAdd,
+            @NotNull String... moreSectionKeysToAdd) {
+        List<String> keys = new ArrayList<>(requireNonNull(commandLine).getHelpSectionKeys());
+        int index = keys.indexOf(requireNonNull(targetSectionKey));
+        if (index < 0) {
+            throw new NoSuchElementException("Cannot resolve location of " + targetSectionKey);
+        }
+        keys.addAll(
+                index,
+                Stream.concat(
+                                Stream.of(requireNonNull(sectionKeyToAdd)),
+                                Stream.of(requireNonNull(moreSectionKeysToAdd)))
+                        .toList());
+        commandLine.setHelpSectionKeys(keys);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/help/SupportedFileTypes.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/help/SupportedFileTypes.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b1369b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/help/SupportedFileTypes.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
+public @interface SupportedFileTypes {
+
+    @NotNull String[] value();
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/LogStreams.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/LogStreams.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb5dbf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/LogStreams.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.logging.output;
+
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+
+final class LogStreams {
+
+    static OutputStream asOutputStream(PrintWriter printWriter) {
+        return new OutputStream() {
+            @Override
+            public void write(int b) {
+                printWriter.write(b);
+                printWriter.flush();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) {
+                printWriter.write(new String(b, off, len));
+                printWriter.flush();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/LogfmtFormatter.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/LogfmtFormatter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1aa2bbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/LogfmtFormatter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.logging.output;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.logging.Formatter;
+import java.util.logging.LogRecord;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+public class LogfmtFormatter extends Formatter {
+
+    private static final String TIMESTAMP = "timestamp";
+    private static final String LEVEL = "level";
+    private static final String MESSAGE = "message";
+    private static final String SOURCE_LOGGER_NAME = "source.logger.name";
+    private static final String SOURCE_CLASS = "source.class";
+    private static final String SOURCE_METHOD = "source.method";
+    private static final String THREAD_ID = "thread.id";
+    private static final String SEQUENCE_NO = "sequenceNo";
+    private static final String THROWN = "thrown";
+
+    @NotNull private final KeyDecorator keyDecorator;
+
+    public LogfmtFormatter(@NotNull KeyDecorator keyDecorator) {
+        this.keyDecorator = keyDecorator;
+    }
+
+    public LogfmtFormatter() {
+        this(KeyDecorator.NONE);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String format(LogRecord record) {
+
+        Map<String, String> attributes = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        intoMap(record, attributes);
+        String logLine = toString(attributes);
+        if (logLine != null && !logLine.isEmpty()) {
+            return logLine + "\n";
+        }
+        return logLine;
+    }
+
+    private void intoMap(LogRecord record, Map<String, String> attributes) {
+        attributes.put(TIMESTAMP, record.getInstant().toString());
+        attributes.put(LEVEL, record.getLevel().getName());
+        attributes.put(MESSAGE, formatMessage(record));
+        attributes.put(SOURCE_LOGGER_NAME, record.getLoggerName());
+        attributes.put(SOURCE_CLASS, record.getSourceClassName());
+        attributes.put(SOURCE_METHOD, record.getSourceMethodName());
+        attributes.put(THREAD_ID, Long.toHexString(record.getLongThreadID()));
+        attributes.put(SEQUENCE_NO, Long.toString(record.getSequenceNumber()));
+        attributes.put(THROWN, formatThrown(record.getThrown()));
+    }
+
+    private String formatThrown(Throwable thrown) {
+        if (thrown == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+                PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw)) {
+            thrown.printStackTrace(pw);
+            return sw.toString();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String toString(Map<String, String> attributes) {
+        return attributes.entrySet().stream()
+                .filter(entry -> entry.getValue() != null)
+                .map(entry -> decorateKey(entry.getKey()) + "=" + quoteIfNeeded(escapeValue(entry.getValue())))
+                .collect(Collectors.joining(" "));
+    }
+
+    private String decorateKey(String key) {
+        return keyDecorator.decorateKey(key);
+    }
+
+    private String escapeValue(String value) {
+        return value.replace("\\", "\\\\")
+                .replace("=", "\\=")
+                .replace("\"", "\\\"")
+                .replace("\t", "\\t")
+                .replace("\n", "\\n")
+                .replace("\r", "\\r")
+                .replace("\b", "\\b")
+                .replace("\f", "\\f");
+    }
+
+    private String quoteIfNeeded(String value) {
+        if ("".equals(value)) {
+            return "\"\"";
+        }
+        if (!needsQuoting(value)) {
+            return value;
+        }
+        return quote(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * It needs quoting if it contains any char outside a-z, A-Z, 0-9, or - or .
+     *
+     * @param value the value to check
+     * @return true if the value needs quoting, false otherwise
+     */
+    private boolean needsQuoting(String value) {
+        return value.chars().anyMatch(c -> !Character.isLetterOrDigit(c) && c != '-' && c != '.');
+    }
+
+    private String quote(String value) {
+        return "\"" + value + "\"";
+    }
+
+    private static final class Colors {
+        private Colors() {}
+
+        public static final String RESET = "\u001B[0m";
+
+        // Foreground colors
+        public static final String FG_BLACK = "\u001B[30m";
+        public static final String FG_RED = "\u001B[31m";
+        public static final String FG_GREEN = "\u001B[32m";
+        public static final String FG_YELLOW = "\u001B[33m";
+        public static final String FG_BLUE = "\u001B[34m";
+        public static final String FG_PURPLE = "\u001B[35m";
+        public static final String FG_CYAN = "\u001B[36m";
+        public static final String FG_WHITE = "\u001B[37m";
+
+        // Background colors
+        public static final String BG_BLACK = "\u001B[40m";
+        public static final String BG_RED = "\u001B[41m";
+        public static final String BG_GREEN = "\u001B[42m";
+        public static final String BG_YELLOW = "\u001B[43m";
+        public static final String BG_BLUE = "\u001B[44m";
+        public static final String BG_PURPLE = "\u001B[45m";
+        public static final String BG_CYAN = "\u001B[46m";
+        public static final String BG_WHITE = "\u001B[47m";
+    }
+
+    public enum KeyDecorator {
+        NONE {
+            @Override
+            String decorateKey(String key) {
+                return key;
+            }
+        },
+        SINGLE_COLOR {
+            @Override
+            String decorateKey(String key) {
+                return decorateKey(key, Colors.FG_CYAN);
+            }
+        },
+        MULTI_COLOR {
+            @Override
+            String decorateKey(String key) {
+                return switch (key) {
+                    case TIMESTAMP -> decorateKey(key, Colors.FG_GREEN);
+                    case LEVEL -> decorateKey(key, Colors.FG_YELLOW);
+                    case MESSAGE -> decorateKey(key, Colors.FG_CYAN);
+                    case SOURCE_LOGGER_NAME, SOURCE_CLASS, SOURCE_METHOD -> decorateKey(key, Colors.FG_BLUE);
+                    case THREAD_ID -> decorateKey(key, Colors.FG_RED);
+                    case SEQUENCE_NO -> decorateKey(key, Colors.FG_PURPLE);
+                    case THROWN -> decorateKey(key, Colors.FG_WHITE, Colors.BG_RED);
+                    default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown key: " + key);
+                };
+            }
+        };
+
+        abstract String decorateKey(String key);
+
+        protected String decorateKey(String key, String... colors) {
+            return String.join(" ", colors) + key + Colors.RESET;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/LoggingConfigurer.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/LoggingConfigurer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecdd5c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/LoggingConfigurer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.logging.output;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+import java.util.logging.FileHandler;
+import java.util.logging.Handler;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.LogManager;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.ThrowingEx;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+public final class LoggingConfigurer {
+
+    public static Output configureLogging(
+            @NotNull CLIOutputLevel cliOutputLevel,
+            @Nullable File logFile,
+            @NotNull Supplier<PrintWriter> stdErr,
+            @NotNull Supplier<PrintWriter> stdOut) {
+        return configureJdkLogging(cliOutputLevel, logFile, stdErr, stdOut);
+    }
+
+    private static Output configureJdkLogging(
+            @NotNull CLIOutputLevel cliOutputLevel,
+            @Nullable File logFile,
+            @NotNull Supplier<PrintWriter> stdErr,
+            @NotNull Supplier<PrintWriter> stdOut) {
+        // Set the output to Output
+        Output output = new Output().with(stdErr.get());
+
+        // Reset the logging configuration to remove any default handlers
+        LogManager.getLogManager().reset();
+
+        // Create a new console handler
+        final Handler rootHandler = createRootHandler(logFile, stdErr);
+
+        // Set the root logger level to OFF
+        final Logger rootLogger = Logger.getLogger("");
+        rootLogger.setLevel(Level.OFF); // only enable specifics
+        rootLogger.addHandler(rootHandler); // Add the configured handler
+
+        final Logger spotlessLibLogger = Logger.getLogger("com.diffplug.spotless");
+        final Logger spotlessCliLogger = Logger.getLogger("com.diffplug.spotless.cli");
+
+        // set the logging level per logger
+        switch (cliOutputLevel) {
+            case QUIET -> {
+                output = output.with(Level.SEVERE);
+                spotlessCliLogger.setLevel(Level.SEVERE);
+                spotlessLibLogger.setLevel(Level.SEVERE);
+                rootLogger.setLevel(Level.SEVERE);
+            }
+            case DEFAULT -> {
+                spotlessCliLogger.setLevel(Level.WARNING);
+                spotlessLibLogger.setLevel(Level.WARNING);
+                rootLogger.setLevel(Level.SEVERE);
+            }
+            case V -> {
+                spotlessCliLogger.setLevel(Level.INFO);
+                spotlessLibLogger.setLevel(Level.WARNING);
+                rootLogger.setLevel(Level.SEVERE);
+            }
+            case VV -> {
+                spotlessLibLogger.setLevel(Level.INFO);
+                spotlessCliLogger.setLevel(Level.INFO);
+                rootLogger.setLevel(Level.SEVERE);
+            }
+            case VVV -> {
+                output = output.with(Level.ALL);
+                spotlessCliLogger.setLevel(Level.ALL);
+                spotlessLibLogger.setLevel(Level.ALL);
+                rootLogger.setLevel(Level.SEVERE);
+            }
+            case VVVV -> {
+                output = output.with(Level.ALL);
+                spotlessCliLogger.setLevel(Level.ALL);
+                spotlessLibLogger.setLevel(Level.ALL);
+                rootLogger.setLevel(Level.INFO);
+            }
+            case VVVVV -> {
+                output = output.with(Level.ALL);
+                spotlessCliLogger.setLevel(Level.ALL);
+                spotlessLibLogger.setLevel(Level.ALL);
+                rootLogger.setLevel(Level.ALL);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return output;
+    }
+
+    private static @NotNull Handler createRootHandler(@Nullable File logFile, @NotNull Supplier<PrintWriter> stdErr) {
+        if (logFile == null) {
+            PicocliConsoleHandler consoleHandler = new PicocliConsoleHandler(stdErr);
+            consoleHandler.setLevel(Level.ALL); // Set logging level
+            LogfmtFormatter.KeyDecorator keyDecorator = CommandLine.Help.Ansi.AUTO.enabled()
+                    ? LogfmtFormatter.KeyDecorator.MULTI_COLOR
+                    : LogfmtFormatter.KeyDecorator.NONE;
+            consoleHandler.setFormatter(new LogfmtFormatter(keyDecorator)); // Set formatter
+            return consoleHandler;
+        }
+        FileHandler fileHandler = ThrowingEx.get(() -> new FileHandler(logFile.getAbsolutePath(), false));
+        fileHandler.setLevel(Level.ALL); // Set logging level
+        fileHandler.setFormatter(new LogfmtFormatter()); // Set formatter
+        return fileHandler;
+    }
+
+    public enum CLIOutputLevel {
+        VVVVV(5), // everything, even debug levels
+        VVVV(4), // spotless on debug, everything else non- debug levels
+        VVV(3), // everything spotless, even debug levels
+        VV(2), // everything spotless, except debug levels
+        V(1), // only info and above
+        DEFAULT, // only warnings and above
+        QUIET; // only errors and above
+
+        private final int verbosity;
+
+        CLIOutputLevel(int verbosity) {
+            this.verbosity = verbosity;
+        }
+
+        CLIOutputLevel() {
+            this(-1);
+        }
+
+        public static CLIOutputLevel verbosity(int verbosity) {
+            for (CLIOutputLevel level : CLIOutputLevel.values()) {
+                if (level.verbosity == verbosity) {
+                    return level;
+                }
+            }
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown verbosity " + verbosity);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/Output.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/Output.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd5350c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/Output.java
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.logging.output;
+
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public final class Output {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Output.class);
+
+    private final Level level;
+
+    private final PrintWriter stdErr;
+
+    public Output() {
+        this(Level.INFO, new PrintWriter(System.err, true));
+    }
+
+    public Output(@NotNull Level level, @NotNull PrintWriter stdErr) {
+        this.level = Objects.requireNonNull(level);
+        this.stdErr = Objects.requireNonNull(stdErr);
+    }
+
+    public Output with(@NotNull PrintWriter writer) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(writer);
+        return new Output(this.level, writer);
+    }
+
+    public Output with(@NotNull Level newLevel) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(newLevel);
+        return new Output(newLevel, this.stdErr);
+    }
+
+    public void output(@NotNull String message, Object... args) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(message);
+        stdErr.printf(slf4jMessageToPrintfMessage(message), args);
+        LOGGER.info(message, args);
+    }
+
+    private static @NotNull String slf4jMessageToPrintfMessage(@NotNull String message) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(message);
+        return message.replace("{}", "%s") + "%n";
+    }
+
+    public DefaultOrDetailOutputBuilder eitherDefault(@NotNull Supplier<MessageWithArgs> defaultMessageSupplier) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(defaultMessageSupplier);
+        return new DefaultOrDetailOutputBuilder(level, stdErr, defaultMessageSupplier);
+    }
+
+    public static class DefaultOrDetailOutputBuilder {
+
+        @NotNull private final Level level;
+
+        @NotNull private final PrintWriter out;
+
+        @NotNull private final Supplier<MessageWithArgs> defaultMessageWithArgs;
+
+        private Supplier<MessageWithArgs> detailMessageWithArgs;
+
+        public DefaultOrDetailOutputBuilder(
+                @NotNull Level level,
+                @NotNull PrintWriter out,
+                @NotNull Supplier<MessageWithArgs> defaultMessageWithArgs) {
+            this.level = Objects.requireNonNull(level);
+            this.out = Objects.requireNonNull(out);
+            this.defaultMessageWithArgs = Objects.requireNonNull(defaultMessageWithArgs);
+        }
+
+        public void orDetail(@NotNull Supplier<MessageWithArgs> detailMessageWithArgs) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(detailMessageWithArgs);
+            this.detailMessageWithArgs = detailMessageWithArgs;
+            write();
+        }
+
+        private void write() {
+            if (level.intValue() <= Level.FINE.intValue()) {
+                MessageWithArgs messageWithArgs = detailMessageWithArgs.get();
+                out.printf(slf4jMessageToPrintfMessage(messageWithArgs.message()), messageWithArgs.args());
+                LOGGER.debug(messageWithArgs.message(), messageWithArgs.args());
+                return;
+            }
+            MessageWithArgs messageWithArgs = defaultMessageWithArgs.get();
+            if (level.intValue() <= Level.INFO.intValue()) {
+                out.printf(slf4jMessageToPrintfMessage(messageWithArgs.message()), messageWithArgs.args());
+            }
+            if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                LOGGER.info(messageWithArgs.message(), messageWithArgs.args());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public record MessageWithArgs(String message, Object... args) {
+        static MessageWithArgs create(String message, Object... args) {
+            return new MessageWithArgs(message, args);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/PicocliConsoleHandler.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/PicocliConsoleHandler.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ed0d44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/PicocliConsoleHandler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.logging.output;
+
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+import java.util.logging.LogRecord;
+import java.util.logging.SimpleFormatter;
+import java.util.logging.StreamHandler;
+
+import static com.diffplug.spotless.cli.logging.output.LogStreams.asOutputStream;
+
+/**
+ * This is a variant of the default {@link java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler} that does not log
+ * to System.err but to a {@link PrintWriter} that is passed in retrieved from Picocli.
+ *
+ * This is useful for testing where we want to grab all output for a specific invocation.
+ */
+public class PicocliConsoleHandler extends StreamHandler {
+    public PicocliConsoleHandler(Supplier<PrintWriter> out) {
+        super(asOutputStream(out.get()), new SimpleFormatter());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void publish(LogRecord record) {
+        super.publish(record);
+        flush();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Override {@code StreamHandler.close} to do a flush but not
+     * to close the output stream.  That is, we do <b>not</b>
+     * close {@code System.err}.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        flush();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/PlainMessageFormatter.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/PlainMessageFormatter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d332158
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/logging/output/PlainMessageFormatter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.logging.output;
+
+import java.util.logging.Formatter;
+import java.util.logging.LogRecord;
+
+/**
+ * A simple formatter that just returns the message of the log record (without any additional information).
+ */
+class PlainMessageFormatter extends Formatter {
+    @Override
+    public String format(LogRecord record) {
+        return formatMessage(record);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/BuildDirGloballyReusable.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/BuildDirGloballyReusable.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..117adf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/BuildDirGloballyReusable.java
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+public interface BuildDirGloballyReusable {}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/ClangFormat.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/ClangFormat.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72672fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/ClangFormat.java
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.FormatterStep;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.AdditionalInfoLinks;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.OptionConstants;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.SupportedFileTypes;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cpp.ClangFormatStep;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+@CommandLine.Command(name = "clang-format", description = "Runs clang-format")
+@SupportedFileTypes({"C", "C++", "Java", "JavaScript", "JSON", "Objective-C", "Protobuf", "C#"})
+@AdditionalInfoLinks({"https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html"})
+public class ClangFormat extends SpotlessFormatterStep {
+
+    public static final String SUPPORTED_FILETYPES = "C, C++, Java, JavaScript, JSON, Objective-C, Protobuf, C#";
+
+    public static final String HOMEPAGE = "https://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormat.html";
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--clang-version", "-v"},
+            required = true,
+            defaultValue = "10.0.1",
+            description = "The version of clang-format to use." + OptionConstants.DEFAULT_VALUE_SUFFIX)
+    String version;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--clang-format-exec", "-c"},
+            description = "The path to the clang-format executable." + OptionConstants.DEFAULT_VALUE_SUFFIX_BEGIN
+                    + "looks on your PATH" + OptionConstants.DEFAULT_VALUE_SUFFIX_END)
+    Path pathToExec;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--style", "-s"},
+            description = "The style to use for clang-format.")
+    String style;
+
+    @Override
+    public @NotNull List<FormatterStep> prepareFormatterSteps() {
+        ClangFormatStep clangFormatStep = ClangFormatStep.withVersion(version);
+        if (pathToExec != null) {
+            clangFormatStep = clangFormatStep.withPathToExe(pathToExec.toString());
+        }
+        if (style != null) {
+            clangFormatStep = clangFormatStep.withStyle(style);
+        }
+        return List.of(clangFormatStep.create());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/FormatAnnotations.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/FormatAnnotations.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..293325b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/FormatAnnotations.java
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.FormatterStep;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.AdditionalInfoLinks;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.OptionConstants;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.SupportedFileTypes;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.java.FormatAnnotationsStep;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+@CommandLine.Command(
+        name = "format-annotations",
+        description = "Corrects line break formatting of type annotations in java files.")
+@SupportedFileTypes("Java")
+@AdditionalInfoLinks("https://github.com/diffplug/spotless/tree/main/plugin-gradle#formatAnnotations")
+public class FormatAnnotations extends SpotlessFormatterStep {
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--add-type-annotation", "-a"},
+            arity = "0..*",
+            split = OptionConstants.OPTION_LIST_SPLIT,
+            paramLabel = "annotation",
+            description = "Add annotations to the list of type annotations to keep on the same line as the type.")
+    List<String> addedTypeAnnotations;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--remove-type-annotation", "-r"},
+            arity = "0..*",
+            split = OptionConstants.OPTION_LIST_SPLIT,
+            paramLabel = "annotation",
+            description = "Remove annotations from the list of type annotations to keep on the same line as the type.")
+    List<String> removedTypeAnnotations;
+
+    @Override
+    public @NotNull List<FormatterStep> prepareFormatterSteps() {
+        FormatterStep formatAnnotationsStep = FormatAnnotationsStep.create(
+                addedTypeAnnotations == null ? Collections.emptyList() : addedTypeAnnotations,
+                removedTypeAnnotations == null ? Collections.emptyList() : removedTypeAnnotations);
+        return List.of(formatAnnotationsStep);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/GoogleJavaFormat.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/GoogleJavaFormat.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f7ac11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/GoogleJavaFormat.java
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.FormatterStep;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessActionContext;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.AdditionalInfoLinks;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.OptionConstants;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.SupportedFileTypes;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.java.GoogleJavaFormatStep;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+@CommandLine.Command(name = "google-java-format", description = "Runs google java format")
+@SupportedFileTypes("Java")
+@AdditionalInfoLinks("https://github.com/google/google-java-format")
+public class GoogleJavaFormat extends SpotlessFormatterStep {
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--style", "-s"},
+            defaultValue = "GOOGLE",
+            description =
+                    "The style to use for the google java format." + OptionConstants.VALID_AND_DEFAULT_VALUES_SUFFIX)
+    Style style;
+
+    public enum Style {
+        AOSP,
+        GOOGLE
+    }
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--reflow-long-strings", "-r"},
+            defaultValue = "false",
+            description = "Reflow long strings." + OptionConstants.DEFAULT_VALUE_SUFFIX)
+    boolean reflowLongStrings;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--reorder-imports", "-i"},
+            defaultValue = "false",
+            description = "Reorder imports." + OptionConstants.DEFAULT_VALUE_SUFFIX)
+    boolean reorderImports;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--format-javadoc", "-j"},
+            defaultValue = "true",
+            description = "Format javadoc." + OptionConstants.DEFAULT_VALUE_SUFFIX)
+    boolean formatJavadoc;
+
+    @Override
+    public List<FormatterStep> prepareFormatterSteps(SpotlessActionContext context) {
+        return List.of(GoogleJavaFormatStep.create(
+                GoogleJavaFormatStep.defaultGroupArtifact(),
+                GoogleJavaFormatStep.defaultVersion(),
+                style.name(),
+                context.provisioner(),
+                reflowLongStrings,
+                reorderImports,
+                formatJavadoc));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/LicenseHeader.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/LicenseHeader.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eecab9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/LicenseHeader.java
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.FormatterStep;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.ThrowingEx;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.antlr4.Antlr4Defaults;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessActionContext;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.TargetFileTypeInferer;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.AdditionalInfoLinks;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.OptionConstants;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.SupportedFileTypes;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cpp.CppDefaults;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.generic.LicenseHeaderStep;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.kotlin.KotlinConstants;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.protobuf.ProtobufConstants;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+@CommandLine.Command(name = "license-header", description = "Runs license header")
+@SupportedFileTypes("any")
+@AdditionalInfoLinks("https://github.com/diffplug/spotless/tree/main/plugin-gradle#license-header")
+public class LicenseHeader extends SpotlessFormatterStep {
+    @CommandLine.ArgGroup(exclusive = true, multiplicity = "1")
+    LicenseHeaderSourceOption licenseHeaderSourceOption;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--delimiter", "-d"},
+            required = false,
+            description =
+                    "The delimiter to use for the license header. If not provided, the delimiter will be guessed based on the first few files we find. Otherwise, 'java' will be assumed.")
+    String delimiter;
+
+    static class LicenseHeaderSourceOption {
+        @CommandLine.Option(
+                names = {"--header", "-H"},
+                required = true,
+                description = "The license header content to apply. May contain @|YELLOW $YEAR|@ as placeholder.")
+        String header;
+
+        @CommandLine.Option(
+                names = {"--header-file", "-f"},
+                required = true,
+                description =
+                        "The license header content in a file to apply.%n  May contain @|YELLOW $YEAR|@ as placeholder.")
+        File headerFile;
+    }
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--year-mode", "-m"},
+            required = false,
+            defaultValue = "PRESERVE",
+            description = "How and if the year in the copyright header should be updated."
+                    + OptionConstants.VALID_AND_DEFAULT_VALUES_SUFFIX)
+    LicenseHeaderStep.YearMode yearMode;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--year-separator", "-Y"},
+            required = false,
+            defaultValue = "-" /* TODO simschla: Make accessible: LicenseHeaderStep.DEFAULT_YEAR_DELIMITER*/,
+            description = "The separator to use for the year range in the license header."
+                    + OptionConstants.DEFAULT_VALUE_SUFFIX)
+    String yearSeparator;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--skip-lines-matching", "-s"},
+            required = false,
+            description = "Skip lines matching the given regex pattern before inserting the licence header.")
+    String skipLinesMatching;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--content-pattern", "-c"},
+            required = false,
+            description =
+                    "The pattern to match the content of the file before inserting the licence header. (If the file content does not match the pattern, the header will not be inserted/updated.)")
+    String contentPattern;
+
+    @NotNull @Override
+    public List<FormatterStep> prepareFormatterSteps(SpotlessActionContext context) {
+        FormatterStep licenseHeaderStep = LicenseHeaderStep.headerDelimiter(
+                        headerSource(context), delimiter(context.targetFileType()))
+                .withYearMode(yearMode)
+                .withYearSeparator(yearSeparator)
+                .withSkipLinesMatching(skipLinesMatching)
+                .withContentPattern(contentPattern)
+                .build();
+        return List.of(licenseHeaderStep);
+    }
+
+    private ThrowingEx.Supplier<String> headerSource(SpotlessActionContext context) {
+        if (licenseHeaderSourceOption.header != null) {
+            return () -> licenseHeaderSourceOption.header;
+        } else {
+            return () -> ThrowingEx.get(() -> Files.readString(
+                    context.resolveFile(licenseHeaderSourceOption.headerFile).toPath()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String delimiter(TargetFileTypeInferer.TargetFileType inferredFileType) {
+        if (delimiter != null) {
+            return delimiter;
+        } else {
+            return inferredDelimiterType(inferredFileType);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String inferredDelimiterType(TargetFileTypeInferer.TargetFileType inferredFileType) {
+        switch (inferredFileType.fileType()) {
+            case JAVA:
+                // fall through
+            case GROOVY:
+                return LicenseHeaderStep.DEFAULT_JAVA_HEADER_DELIMITER;
+            case CPP:
+                return CppDefaults.DELIMITER_EXPR;
+            case ANTLR4:
+                return Antlr4Defaults.licenseHeaderDelimiter();
+            case PROTOBUF:
+                return ProtobufConstants.LICENSE_HEADER_DELIMITER;
+            case KOTLIN:
+                return KotlinConstants.LICENSE_HEADER_DELIMITER;
+            default:
+                return LicenseHeaderStep.DEFAULT_JAVA_HEADER_DELIMITER;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/NpmOptions.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/NpmOptions.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9f2ae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/NpmOptions.java
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+public class NpmOptions {
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--npm-install-cache-dir", "-C"},
+            description = "The directory to use for caching libraries retrieved by @|YELLOW 'npm install'|@.")
+    Path npmInstallCacheDir;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--npm-exec", "-n"},
+            description = "The explicit path to the npm executable.")
+    Path explicitNpmExecutable;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--node-exec", "-N"},
+            description = "The explicit path to the node executable.")
+    Path explicitNodeExecutable;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--npmrc-file", "-R"},
+            description = "The explicit path to the .npmrc file.")
+    Path explicitNpmrcFile;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--additional-npmrc-location", "-A"},
+            description = "Additional locations to search for .npmrc files.")
+    List<Path> additionalNpmrcLocations;
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/OptionDefaultUse.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/OptionDefaultUse.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b30859
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/OptionDefaultUse.java
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import com.diffplug.common.base.Suppliers;
+
+public class OptionDefaultUse<T> {
+
+    @Nullable private final T obj;
+
+    private OptionDefaultUse(@Nullable T obj) {
+        this.obj = obj;
+    }
+
+    public static <T> OptionDefaultUse<T> use(@Nullable T obj) {
+        return new OptionDefaultUse<>(obj);
+    }
+
+    public T orIfNullGet(Supplier<T> supplier) {
+        return obj != null ? obj : supplier.get();
+    }
+
+    public T orIfNull(T other) {
+        return orIfNullGet(Suppliers.ofInstance(other));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/PalantirJavaFormat.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/PalantirJavaFormat.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a16465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/PalantirJavaFormat.java
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.FormatterStep;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessActionContext;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.AdditionalInfoLinks;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.OptionConstants;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.SupportedFileTypes;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.java.PalantirJavaFormatStep;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+@CommandLine.Command(name = "palantir-java-format", description = "Runs palantir java format")
+@SupportedFileTypes("Java")
+@AdditionalInfoLinks("https://github.com/palantir/palantir-java-format")
+public class PalantirJavaFormat extends SpotlessFormatterStep {
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--style", "-s"},
+            defaultValue = "PALANTIR",
+            description =
+                    "The style to use for the palantir java format." + OptionConstants.VALID_AND_DEFAULT_VALUES_SUFFIX)
+    Style style;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--format-javadoc", "-j"},
+            defaultValue = "false",
+            description = "Format javadoc." + OptionConstants.DEFAULT_VALUE_SUFFIX)
+    boolean formatJavadoc;
+
+    public enum Style {
+        PALANTIR,
+        AOSP,
+        GOOGLE
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public @NotNull List<FormatterStep> prepareFormatterSteps(SpotlessActionContext context) {
+        return List.of(PalantirJavaFormatStep.create(
+                PalantirJavaFormatStep.defaultVersion(), style.name(), formatJavadoc, context.provisioner()));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/Prettier.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/Prettier.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..542893b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/Prettier.java
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.FormatterStep;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.ExecutionLayout;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessActionContext;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.AdditionalInfoLinks;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.SupportedFileTypes;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.npm.NpmPathResolver;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.npm.PrettierConfig;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.npm.PrettierFormatterStep;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+import static com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.FilePathUtil.asFile;
+import static com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.FilePathUtil.asFiles;
+import static com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.FilePathUtil.assertDirectoryExists;
+import static com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.OptionConstants.NEW_LINE;
+import static com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.OptionDefaultUse.use;
+
+@CommandLine.Command(name = "prettier", description = "Runs prettier, the opinionated code formatter.")
+@SupportedFileTypes({
+    "JavaScript",
+    "JSX",
+    "Angular",
+    "Vue",
+    "Flow",
+    "TypeScript",
+    "CSS",
+    "Less",
+    "SCSS",
+    "HTML",
+    "Ember/Handlebars",
+    "JSON",
+    "GraphQL",
+    "Markdown",
+    "YAML",
+    "Java (only with plugins)",
+    "and more (using plugins)"
+})
+@AdditionalInfoLinks({
+    "https://prettier.io/",
+    "🧩 Find plugins at https://prettier.io/docs/plugins.html#official-plugins"
+})
+public class Prettier extends SpotlessFormatterStep {
+
+    public static final String SUPPORTED_FILETYPES =
+            "JavaScript, JSX, Angular, Vue, Flow, TypeScript, CSS, Less, SCSS, HTML, Ember/Handlebars, JSON, GraphQL, Markdown, YAML, (and more using plugins)";
+
+    public static final String HOMEPAGE = "https://prettier.io/";
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--dev-dependency", "-D"},
+            description = "An entry to add to the package.json for running prettier." + NEW_LINE
+                    + "The format is @|YELLOW 'PACKAGE=VERSION'|@." + NEW_LINE + "example: 'prettier=2.8.7'",
+            paramLabel = "'PACKAGE=VERSION'")
+    Map<String, String> devDependencies;
+
+    @CommandLine.Mixin
+    NpmOptions npmOptions;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--prettier-config-path", "-P"},
+            description = "The path to the prettier configuration file.")
+    Path prettierConfigPath;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = {"--prettier-config-option", "-c"},
+            description = "A prettier configuration options." + NEW_LINE + "The format is @|YELLOW 'OPTION=VALUE'|@."
+                    + NEW_LINE + "example: 'printWidth=80'",
+            paramLabel = "'OPTION=VALUE'")
+    Map<String, String> prettierConfigOptions;
+
+    @NotNull @Override
+    public List<FormatterStep> prepareFormatterSteps(SpotlessActionContext context) {
+        FormatterStep prettierFormatterStep = builder(context)
+                .withDevDependencies(devDependencies())
+                .withCacheDir(npmOptions.npmInstallCacheDir)
+                .withExplicitNpmExecutable(npmOptions.explicitNpmExecutable)
+                .withExplicitNodeExecutable(npmOptions.explicitNodeExecutable)
+                .withExplicitNpmrcFile(npmOptions.explicitNpmrcFile)
+                .withAdditionalNpmrcLocations(additionalNpmrcLocations())
+                .withPrettierConfigOptions(prettierConfigOptions())
+                .withPrettierConfigPath(prettierConfigPath)
+                .build();
+
+        return List.of(prettierFormatterStep);
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, Object> prettierConfigOptions() {
+        if (prettierConfigOptions == null) {
+            return Collections.emptyMap();
+        }
+        Map<String, Object> normalized = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        prettierConfigOptions.forEach((key, value) -> {
+            if (value == null) {
+                normalized.put(key, null);
+            } else {
+                normalized.put(key, normalizePrettierOption(value));
+            }
+        });
+        return normalized;
+    }
+
+    private Object normalizePrettierOption(String value) {
+        if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("true") || value.equalsIgnoreCase("false")) {
+            return Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
+        }
+        try {
+            return Integer.parseInt(value);
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            return value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, String> devDependencies() {
+        return use(devDependencies).orIfNullGet(PrettierFormatterStep::defaultDevDependencies);
+    }
+
+    private List<Path> additionalNpmrcLocations() {
+        return use(npmOptions.additionalNpmrcLocations).orIfNullGet(Collections::emptyList);
+    }
+
+    private PrettierFormatterStepBuilder builder(@NotNull SpotlessActionContext context) {
+        return new PrettierFormatterStepBuilder(context);
+    }
+
+    private class PrettierFormatterStepBuilder {
+
+        @NotNull private final SpotlessActionContext context;
+
+        private Map<String, String> devDependencies;
+
+        private Path cacheDir = null;
+
+        // npmPathResolver
+        private Path explicitNpmExecutable;
+
+        private Path explicitNodeExecutable;
+
+        private Path explicitNpmrcFile;
+
+        private List<Path> additionalNpmrcLocations;
+
+        // prettierConfig
+
+        private Map<String, Object> prettierConfigOptions;
+
+        private Path prettierConfigPath;
+
+        private PrettierFormatterStepBuilder(@NotNull SpotlessActionContext context) {
+            this.context = Objects.requireNonNull(context);
+        }
+
+        public PrettierFormatterStepBuilder withDevDependencies(Map<String, String> devDependencies) {
+            this.devDependencies = devDependencies;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public PrettierFormatterStepBuilder withCacheDir(Path cacheDir) {
+            this.cacheDir = cacheDir;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public PrettierFormatterStepBuilder withExplicitNpmExecutable(Path explicitNpmExecutable) {
+            this.explicitNpmExecutable = explicitNpmExecutable;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public PrettierFormatterStepBuilder withExplicitNodeExecutable(Path explicitNodeExecutable) {
+            this.explicitNodeExecutable = explicitNodeExecutable;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public PrettierFormatterStepBuilder withExplicitNpmrcFile(Path explicitNpmrcFile) {
+            this.explicitNpmrcFile = explicitNpmrcFile;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public PrettierFormatterStepBuilder withAdditionalNpmrcLocations(List<Path> additionalNpmrcLocations) {
+            this.additionalNpmrcLocations = additionalNpmrcLocations;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public PrettierFormatterStepBuilder withPrettierConfigOptions(Map<String, Object> prettierConfigOptions) {
+            this.prettierConfigOptions = prettierConfigOptions;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public PrettierFormatterStepBuilder withPrettierConfigPath(Path prettierConfigPath) {
+            this.prettierConfigPath = prettierConfigPath;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public FormatterStep build() {
+            ExecutionLayout layout = context.executionLayout();
+            File projectDirFile = asFile(layout.find(Path.of("package.json")) // project dir
+                    .map(Path::getParent)
+                    .orElseGet(layout::baseDir));
+            File buildDirFile = asFile(layout.buildDirFor(Prettier.this));
+            File cacheDirFile = asFile(cacheDir);
+            assertDirectoryExists(projectDirFile, buildDirFile, cacheDirFile);
+            FormatterStep step = PrettierFormatterStep.create(
+                    use(devDependencies).orIfNullGet(PrettierFormatterStep::defaultDevDependencies),
+                    context.provisioner(),
+                    projectDirFile,
+                    buildDirFile,
+                    cacheDirFile,
+                    new NpmPathResolver(
+                            asFile(explicitNpmExecutable),
+                            asFile(explicitNodeExecutable),
+                            asFile(explicitNpmrcFile),
+                            asFiles(additionalNpmrcLocations)),
+                    new PrettierConfig(
+                            asFile(
+                                    prettierConfigPath != null
+                                            ? layout.find(prettierConfigPath).orElseThrow()
+                                            : null),
+                            prettierConfigOptions));
+            return step;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/SpotlessCLIFormatterStep.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/SpotlessCLIFormatterStep.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f06e83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/SpotlessCLIFormatterStep.java
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.FormatterStep;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.SpotlessCommand;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessActionContext;
+
+public interface SpotlessCLIFormatterStep extends SpotlessCommand {
+
+    @NotNull List<FormatterStep> prepareFormatterSteps(SpotlessActionContext context);
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/SpotlessFormatterStep.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/SpotlessFormatterStep.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5986487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/SpotlessFormatterStep.java
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.FormatterStep;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core.SpotlessActionContext;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.help.SpotlessFormatterStepHelpRenderer;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+@CommandLine.Command(mixinStandardHelpOptions = true, usageHelpAutoWidth = true)
+public abstract class SpotlessFormatterStep implements SpotlessCLIFormatterStep {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpotlessFormatterStep.class);
+
+    @CommandLine.Spec
+    private CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec spec;
+
+    @CommandLine.Option(
+            names = "--xxxabbbaaaddd", // random value, just to make it unique
+            hidden = true,
+            defaultValue = "true",
+            description = "just a hook to be invoked so we can modify the help section in the spec.commandLine()")
+    private void setSupportedFileTypes(boolean ignore) {
+        SpotlessFormatterStepHelpRenderer helpRenderer = new SpotlessFormatterStepHelpRenderer(this);
+        if (!helpRenderer.addSupportedFileTypesSection(spec)) {
+            LOGGER.debug(
+                    "Adding supported file types for step {} failed",
+                    this.getClass().getSimpleName());
+        }
+        if (!helpRenderer.addAdditionalInfoLinksSection(spec)) {
+            LOGGER.debug(
+                    "Adding additional info links for step {} failed",
+                    this.getClass().getSimpleName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @NotNull @Override
+    public List<FormatterStep> prepareFormatterSteps(SpotlessActionContext context) {
+        return prepareFormatterSteps();
+    }
+
+    protected List<FormatterStep> prepareFormatterSteps() {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("This method must be overridden or not be called");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/version/SpotlessCLIVersionProvider.java b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/version/SpotlessCLIVersionProvider.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bcdc55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/version/SpotlessCLIVersionProvider.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.version;
+
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+public class SpotlessCLIVersionProvider implements CommandLine.IVersionProvider {
+
+    @Override
+    public String[] getVersion() throws Exception {
+        // load application.properties
+        Properties properties = new Properties();
+        properties.load(getClass().getResourceAsStream("/application.properties"));
+        String version = properties.getProperty("cli.version");
+        String libVersion = properties.getProperty("lib.version");
+        String libExtraVersion = properties.getProperty("lib.extra.version");
+        String line = "-".repeat(50);
+        return """
+                %1$s
+                🧼 Spotless CLI %2$s
+                %1$s
+
+                spotless-lib:       %3$s
+                spotless-lib-extra: %4$s
+                """
+                .formatted(line, version, libVersion, libExtraVersion)
+                .split("\n");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/resources/application.properties b/app/src/main/resources/application.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc85619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/resources/application.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+cli.version=@cli.version@
+lib.version=@lib.version@
+lib.extra.version=@lib.extra.version@
diff --git a/app/src/nativecompile/user-code-filter.json b/app/src/nativecompile/user-code-filter.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18fb6aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/nativecompile/user-code-filter.json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+{
+  "rules": [
+    { "includeClasses": "**" },
+
+    { "excludeClasses": "org.junit.**" },
+    { "excludeClasses": "org.assertj.**" },
+    { "excludeClasses": "com.diffplug.selfie.**" },
+    { "excludeClasses": "net.bytebuddy.**" },
+
+    { "excludeClasses": "org.gradle.**" },
+    { "excludeClasses": "worker.org.gradle.**" }
+  ],
+  "regexRules": [
+    { "excludeClasses": "com\\.diffplug\\.spotless\\.cli\\..*(Test)" }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIHelpAndVersionTest.java b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIHelpAndVersionTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..285ead4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIHelpAndVersionTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.ClangFormat;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.CliNativeTest;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.CliProcessTest;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+@CliProcessTest
+@CliNativeTest
+public class SpotlessCLIHelpAndVersionTest extends CLIIntegrationHarness {
+
+    @Test
+    void testHelp() {
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner().withOption("--help").run();
+        assertThat(result.stdOut()).contains("Usage: spotless");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testVersion() {
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner().withOption("--version").run();
+        assertThat(result.stdOut()).containsPattern("Spotless CLI \\d+\\.\\d+\\.\\d+.*");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testHelpShowsSupportedFileTypes() {
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result =
+                cliRunner().withStep(ClangFormat.class).withOption("--help").run();
+        assertThat(result.stdOut()).contains("JavaScript", "C++");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testHelpShowsHomepage() {
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result =
+                cliRunner().withStep(ClangFormat.class).withOption("--help").run();
+        assertThat(result.stdOut()).contains("https://clang.llvm.org");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLILoggingJavaProcessTest.java b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLILoggingJavaProcessTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f252eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLILoggingJavaProcessTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import org.assertj.core.api.SoftAssertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.GoogleJavaFormat;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.CliNativeTest;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.CliProcessTest;
+
+@CliProcessTest
+@CliNativeTest
+public class SpotlessCLILoggingJavaProcessTest extends CLIIntegrationHarness {
+
+    public static final String NEEDS_REFORMATTING_STATEMENT = "needs reformatting";
+    public static final String FILE_NAME = "Java.java";
+    public static final String LOGFMT_KEYWORD = "timestamp=";
+    public static final Pattern FILE_DIFF_MARKER_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("^\\Q******\\E", Pattern.MULTILINE);
+    public static final String LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_FROM_SPOTLESS_CLI_PACKAGE =
+            "source.logger.name=com.diffplug.spotless.cli";
+    public static final String LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_SPOTLESS_BUT_NOT_CLI_PACKAGE_PATTERN =
+            "source\\.logger\\.name=com\\.diffplug\\.spotless\\.(?!cli\\.)";
+    public static final String LOGFMT_DEBUG_LOG_LEVEL = "level=FINE";
+    public static final String LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_OUTSIDE_SPOTLESS_PATTERN =
+            "source\\.logger\\.name=(?!com\\.diffplug\\.spotless\\.)";
+    public static final String LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_OUTSIDE_SPOTLESS_ON_INFO_LEVEL_PATTERN =
+            "level=INFO .* " + LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_OUTSIDE_SPOTLESS_PATTERN;
+    public static final String LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_OUTSIDE_SPOTLESS_ON_DEBUG_LEVEL_PATTERN =
+            "level=FINE .* " + LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_OUTSIDE_SPOTLESS_PATTERN;
+
+    private SpotlessCLIRunner.Result runTestWith(Function<SpotlessCLIRunner, SpotlessCLIRunner> configurer) {
+        setFile(FILE_NAME).toResource("java/googlejavaformat/JavaCodeUnformatted.test");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner spotlessCLIRunner = cliRunner().withTargets(FILE_NAME).withOption("--mode", "check");
+        spotlessCLIRunner = configurer.apply(spotlessCLIRunner);
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result =
+                spotlessCLIRunner.withStep(GoogleJavaFormat.class).runAndFail();
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void defaultLogLevelGivesSomeOutput() {
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = runTestWith(runner -> runner);
+        SoftAssertions.assertSoftly(softly -> {
+            softly.assertThat(result.stdErr())
+                    .contains(NEEDS_REFORMATTING_STATEMENT)
+                    .contains(FILE_NAME)
+                    .doesNotContain(LOGFMT_KEYWORD)
+                    .doesNotContainPattern(FILE_DIFF_MARKER_PATTERN);
+            softly.assertThat(result.exitCode()).isEqualTo(1);
+        });
+    }
+
+    //    @Override
+    //    protected SpotlessCLIRunner createRunnerForTag() {
+    //        return SpotlessCLIRunner.create();
+    //    }
+
+    @Test
+    void quietLogLevelDoesGiveNoOutput() {
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = runTestWith(runner -> runner.withOption("--quiet"));
+        SoftAssertions.assertSoftly(softly -> {
+            softly.assertThat(result.stdErr())
+                    .doesNotContain(NEEDS_REFORMATTING_STATEMENT)
+                    .doesNotContain(FILE_NAME)
+                    .doesNotContain(LOGFMT_KEYWORD)
+                    .doesNotContain(LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_FROM_SPOTLESS_CLI_PACKAGE)
+                    .doesNotContainPattern(LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_SPOTLESS_BUT_NOT_CLI_PACKAGE_PATTERN)
+                    .doesNotContainPattern(LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_OUTSIDE_SPOTLESS_PATTERN)
+                    .doesNotContain(LOGFMT_DEBUG_LOG_LEVEL)
+                    .doesNotContainPattern(FILE_DIFF_MARKER_PATTERN);
+            softly.assertThat(result.exitCode()).isEqualTo(1);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void verbose1LogLevelShowsCLIInfo() {
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = runTestWith(runner -> runner.withOption("-v"));
+        SoftAssertions.assertSoftly(softly -> {
+            softly.assertThat(result.stdErr())
+                    .contains(NEEDS_REFORMATTING_STATEMENT)
+                    .contains(FILE_NAME)
+                    .contains(LOGFMT_KEYWORD)
+                    .contains(LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_FROM_SPOTLESS_CLI_PACKAGE)
+                    .doesNotContainPattern(LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_SPOTLESS_BUT_NOT_CLI_PACKAGE_PATTERN)
+                    .doesNotContainPattern(LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_OUTSIDE_SPOTLESS_PATTERN)
+                    .doesNotContain(LOGFMT_DEBUG_LOG_LEVEL)
+                    .doesNotContainPattern(FILE_DIFF_MARKER_PATTERN); // no diffs
+            softly.assertThat(result.exitCode()).isEqualTo(1);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void verbose2LogLevelShowsCLIAndAllSpotlessOnLevelInfo() {
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = runTestWith(runner -> runner.withOption("-vv"));
+        SoftAssertions.assertSoftly(softly -> {
+            softly.assertThat(result.stdErr())
+                    .contains(NEEDS_REFORMATTING_STATEMENT)
+                    .contains(FILE_NAME)
+                    .contains(LOGFMT_KEYWORD)
+                    .containsPattern(LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_SPOTLESS_BUT_NOT_CLI_PACKAGE_PATTERN)
+                    .doesNotContainPattern(LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_OUTSIDE_SPOTLESS_PATTERN)
+                    .doesNotContain(LOGFMT_DEBUG_LOG_LEVEL)
+                    .doesNotContainPattern(FILE_DIFF_MARKER_PATTERN); // no diffs
+            softly.assertThat(result.exitCode()).isEqualTo(1);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void verbose3LogLevelShowsCLIAndSpotlessOnLevelDebugIncludingDiffs() {
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = runTestWith(runner -> runner.withOption("-vvv"));
+        SoftAssertions.assertSoftly(softly -> {
+            softly.assertThat(result.stdErr())
+                    .contains(NEEDS_REFORMATTING_STATEMENT)
+                    .contains(FILE_NAME)
+                    .contains(LOGFMT_KEYWORD)
+                    .containsPattern(LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_SPOTLESS_BUT_NOT_CLI_PACKAGE_PATTERN)
+                    .doesNotContainPattern(LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_OUTSIDE_SPOTLESS_PATTERN)
+                    .contains(LOGFMT_DEBUG_LOG_LEVEL)
+                    .containsPattern(FILE_DIFF_MARKER_PATTERN);
+            softly.assertThat(result.exitCode()).isEqualTo(1);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void verbose4LogLevelShowsCliAndSpotlessOnDebugAndEverythingElseOnInfo() {
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = runTestWith(runner -> runner.withOption("-vvvv"));
+        SoftAssertions.assertSoftly(softly -> {
+            softly.assertThat(result.stdErr())
+                    .contains(NEEDS_REFORMATTING_STATEMENT)
+                    .contains(FILE_NAME)
+                    .contains(LOGFMT_KEYWORD)
+                    .containsPattern(LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_OUTSIDE_SPOTLESS_ON_INFO_LEVEL_PATTERN)
+                    .doesNotContainPattern(LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_OUTSIDE_SPOTLESS_ON_DEBUG_LEVEL_PATTERN)
+                    .contains(LOGFMT_DEBUG_LOG_LEVEL)
+                    .containsPattern(FILE_DIFF_MARKER_PATTERN);
+            softly.assertThat(result.exitCode()).isEqualTo(1);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void verbose5LogLevelShowsCliAndSpotlessAndEverythingElseOnDebug() {
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = runTestWith(runner -> runner.withOption("-vvvvv"));
+        SoftAssertions.assertSoftly(softly -> {
+            softly.assertThat(result.stdErr())
+                    .contains(NEEDS_REFORMATTING_STATEMENT)
+                    .contains(FILE_NAME)
+                    .contains(LOGFMT_KEYWORD)
+                    .containsPattern(LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_OUTSIDE_SPOTLESS_ON_INFO_LEVEL_PATTERN)
+                    .containsPattern(LOGGER_SOURCE_NAME_OUTSIDE_SPOTLESS_ON_DEBUG_LEVEL_PATTERN)
+                    .contains(LOGFMT_DEBUG_LOG_LEVEL)
+                    .containsPattern(FILE_DIFF_MARKER_PATTERN);
+            softly.assertThat(result.exitCode()).isEqualTo(1);
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIModeTest.java b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIModeTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8907e3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIModeTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.GoogleJavaFormat;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.CliNativeTest;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.CliProcessTest;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+@CliNativeTest
+@CliProcessTest
+public class SpotlessCLIModeTest extends CLIIntegrationHarness {
+
+    @Test
+    void applyModeChangesFilesAndExitsWithCode0() throws IOException {
+        setFile("Java.java").toResource("java/googlejavaformat/JavaCodeUnformatted.test");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("*.java")
+                .withStep(GoogleJavaFormat.class)
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("Java.java").toMatchDisk();
+        assertThat(result.exitCode()).isEqualTo(0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void checkModeLeavesFilesUnchangedAndExitsWithCode1() throws IOException {
+        setFile("Java.java").toResource("java/googlejavaformat/JavaCodeUnformatted.test");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("*.java")
+                .withOption("--mode", "check")
+                .withStep(GoogleJavaFormat.class)
+                .runAndFail();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("Java.java").toMatchDisk();
+        assertThat(result.exitCode()).isEqualTo(1);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/ChecksumCalculatorTest.java b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/ChecksumCalculatorTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bca737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/ChecksumCalculatorTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import com.diffplug.selfie.Selfie;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.FormatterStep;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.SpotlessAction;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.SpotlessActionContextProvider;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.execution.FormatterStepsSupplier;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.SpotlessCLIFormatterStep;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.SpotlessFormatterStep;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+class ChecksumCalculatorTest {
+
+    private ChecksumCalculator checksumCalculator = new ChecksumCalculator();
+
+    @Test
+    void itCalculatesAChecksumForStep() {
+        Step step = step(
+                randomPath(),
+                randomString(),
+                argGroup(null, randomByteArray()),
+                argGroup(randomString(), null),
+                List.of(randomPath(), randomPath()));
+
+        String checksum = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(step);
+
+        assertThat(checksum).isNotNull();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itCalculatesDifferentChecksumsForSteps() {
+        Step step1 = step(
+                randomPath(),
+                randomString(),
+                argGroup(randomString(), null),
+                argGroup(null, randomByteArray()),
+                List.of(randomPath(), randomPath()));
+        Step step2 = step(
+                randomPath(),
+                randomString(),
+                argGroup(null, randomByteArray()),
+                argGroup(randomString(), null),
+                List.of(randomPath(), randomPath()));
+
+        String checksum1 = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(step1);
+        String checksum2 = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(step2);
+
+        assertThat(checksum1).isNotEqualTo(checksum2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itRecalculatesSameChecksumsForStep() {
+        Step step = step(
+                randomPath(),
+                randomString(),
+                argGroup(null, randomByteArray()),
+                argGroup(randomString(), null),
+                List.of(randomPath(), randomPath()));
+
+        String checksum1 = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(step);
+        String checksum2 = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(step);
+
+        assertThat(checksum1).isEqualTo(checksum2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itCalculatesAChecksumForCommandLineStream() {
+        Step step = step(
+                randomPath(),
+                randomString(),
+                argGroup(null, randomByteArray()),
+                argGroup(randomString(), null),
+                List.of(randomPath(), randomPath()));
+        Action action = action(randomPath());
+        SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream = commandLine(action, step);
+
+        String checksum = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(commandLineStream);
+
+        assertThat(checksum).isNotNull();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itCalculatesDifferentChecksumForDifferentCommandLineStreamDueToAction() {
+        Step step = step(
+                randomPath(),
+                randomString(),
+                argGroup(null, randomByteArray()),
+                argGroup(randomString(), null),
+                List.of(randomPath(), randomPath()));
+        Action action1 = action(randomPath());
+        Action action2 = action(randomPath());
+        SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream1 = commandLine(action1, step);
+        SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream2 = commandLine(action2, step);
+
+        String checksum1 = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(commandLineStream1);
+        String checksum2 = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(commandLineStream2);
+
+        assertThat(checksum1).isNotEqualTo(checksum2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itCalculatesDifferentChecksumForDifferentCommandLineStreamDueToSteps() {
+        Step step1 = step(
+                randomPath(),
+                randomString(),
+                argGroup(null, randomByteArray()),
+                argGroup(randomString(), randomByteArray()),
+                List.of(randomPath(), randomPath()));
+        Step step2 = step(
+                randomPath(),
+                randomString(),
+                argGroup(null, randomByteArray()),
+                argGroup(randomString(), randomByteArray()),
+                List.of(randomPath(), randomPath()));
+        Action action = action(randomPath());
+        SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream1 = commandLine(action, step1);
+        SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream2 = commandLine(action, step2);
+
+        String checksum1 = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(commandLineStream1);
+        String checksum2 = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(commandLineStream2);
+
+        assertThat(checksum1).isNotEqualTo(checksum2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itCalculatesDifferentChecksumForDifferentCommandLineStreamDueToStepOrder() {
+        Step step1 = step(
+                randomPath(),
+                randomString(),
+                argGroup(null, randomByteArray()),
+                argGroup(null, randomByteArray()),
+                List.of(randomPath(), randomPath()));
+        Step step2 = step(
+                randomPath(),
+                randomString(),
+                argGroup(null, randomByteArray()),
+                argGroup(null, randomByteArray()),
+                List.of(randomPath(), randomPath()));
+        Action action = action(randomPath());
+        SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream1 = commandLine(action, step1, step2);
+        SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream2 = commandLine(action, step2, step1);
+
+        String checksum1 = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(commandLineStream1);
+        String checksum2 = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(commandLineStream2);
+
+        assertThat(checksum1).isNotEqualTo(checksum2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itCalculatesDifferentChecksumDueToDifferentSetterOption() {
+        Path test1 = randomPath();
+        String test2 = randomString();
+        Step step1 = step(test1, test2, randomString(), null, null, List.of());
+        Step step2 = step(test1, test2, randomString(), null, null, List.of());
+
+        Action action = action(randomPath());
+        SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream1 = commandLine(action, step1);
+        SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream2 = commandLine(action, step2);
+
+        String checksum1 = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(commandLineStream1);
+        String checksum2 = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(commandLineStream2);
+
+        assertThat(checksum1).isNotEqualTo(checksum2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itCalculatesChecksumForFilePath() {
+
+        String testPath = "/var/tmp/test.txt";
+
+        String checksum = checksumCalculator.calculateChecksum(testPath);
+
+        Selfie.expectSelfie(checksum).toBe("5a45f2c50e9f68ca4ef1d41e8fea6d12");
+    }
+
+    private static Step step(
+            Path test1, String test2, StepArgGroup argGroup, StepArgGroup argGroup2, List<Path> parameters) {
+        return step(test1, test2, test1 + test2, argGroup, argGroup2, parameters);
+    }
+
+    private static Step step(
+            Path test1,
+            String test2,
+            String test3,
+            StepArgGroup argGroup,
+            StepArgGroup argGroup2,
+            List<Path> parameters) {
+        Step step = new Step();
+        step.test1 = test1;
+        step.test2 = test2;
+        step.setTest5(test3);
+        step.argGroup = argGroup;
+        step.setArgGroup2(argGroup2);
+        step.parameters = parameters;
+        return step;
+    }
+
+    private static StepArgGroup argGroup(String test3, byte[] test4) {
+        StepArgGroup argGroup = new StepArgGroup();
+        argGroup.test3 = test3;
+        argGroup.test4 = test4;
+        return argGroup;
+    }
+
+    private static Path randomPath() {
+        return Path.of(randomString());
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] randomByteArray() {
+        return randomString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    }
+
+    private static String randomString() {
+        return Long.toHexString(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextLong());
+    }
+
+    static class Step extends SpotlessFormatterStep {
+
+        @CommandLine.Option(names = "--test1")
+        Path test1;
+
+        @CommandLine.Option(names = "--test2")
+        String test2;
+
+        private String test5;
+
+        @CommandLine.Option(names = "--test5")
+        void setTest5(String test5) {
+            if (test5 == null) {
+                throw new NullPointerException("test5");
+            }
+            this.test5 = test5;
+        }
+
+        @CommandLine.ArgGroup(exclusive = true)
+        StepArgGroup argGroup;
+
+        private StepArgGroup argGroup2;
+
+        @CommandLine.ArgGroup(exclusive = true)
+        void setArgGroup2(StepArgGroup argGroup2) {
+            this.argGroup2 = argGroup2;
+        }
+
+        @CommandLine.Parameters
+        List<Path> parameters;
+
+        @NotNull @Override
+        public List<FormatterStep> prepareFormatterSteps(SpotlessActionContext context) {
+            return List.of();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static class StepArgGroup {
+        @CommandLine.Option(names = "--test3")
+        String test3;
+
+        @CommandLine.Option(names = "--test4")
+        byte[] test4;
+    }
+
+    private static Action action(Path baseDir) {
+        Action action = new Action();
+        action.baseDir = baseDir;
+        return action;
+    }
+
+    @CommandLine.Command(name = "action")
+    static class Action implements SpotlessAction {
+        @CommandLine.Option(names = {"--basedir"})
+        Path baseDir;
+
+        @Override
+        public @NotNull Integer executeSpotlessAction(@NotNull FormatterStepsSupplier formatterSteps) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLine(SpotlessAction action, SpotlessFormatterStep... steps) {
+        return new FixedCommandLineStream(Arrays.asList(steps), List.of(action));
+    }
+
+    static class FixedCommandLineStream implements SpotlessCommandLineStream {
+        private final List<SpotlessCLIFormatterStep> formatterSteps;
+        private final List<SpotlessAction> actions;
+
+        FixedCommandLineStream(List<SpotlessCLIFormatterStep> formatterSteps, List<SpotlessAction> actions) {
+            this.formatterSteps = formatterSteps;
+            this.actions = actions;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Stream<SpotlessCLIFormatterStep> formatterSteps() {
+            return formatterSteps.stream();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Stream<SpotlessAction> actions() {
+            return actions.stream();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Stream<SpotlessActionContextProvider> contextProviders() {
+            return Stream.empty();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/ExecutionLayoutTest.java b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/ExecutionLayoutTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c03f92c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/core/ExecutionLayoutTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.core;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.ResourceHarness;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+class ExecutionLayoutTest extends ResourceHarness {
+
+    SpotlessRunCleanup cleanup;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() throws IOException {
+        cleanup = SpotlessRunCleanup.INSTANCE;
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    void cleanup() {
+        cleanup.clearCleanables();
+        cleanup = null;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itResolvesGradleBuildDir() {
+        setFile("settings.gradle").toLines("rootProject.name = 'test'");
+        ExecutionLayout layout = ExecutionLayout.create(fileResolver(), commandLineStream());
+
+        Path buildDir = layout.buildDir();
+
+        assertThat(buildDir.toString())
+                .matches("\\Q%s\\E.*\\Q%s\\E.*"
+                        .formatted(
+                                rootFolder().toPath().toString(),
+                                Path.of("build", "spotless-cli").toString()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itResolvesMavenBuildDir() {
+        setFile("pom.xml").toLines("<project><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion></project>");
+        ExecutionLayout layout = ExecutionLayout.create(fileResolver(), commandLineStream());
+
+        Path buildDir = layout.buildDir();
+
+        assertThat(buildDir.toString())
+                .matches("\\Q%s\\E.*\\Q%s\\E.*"
+                        .formatted(
+                                rootFolder().toPath().toString(),
+                                Path.of("target", "spotless-cli").toString()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itResolvesTmpBuildDir() {
+        ExecutionLayout layout = ExecutionLayout.create(fileResolver(), commandLineStream());
+
+        Path buildDir = layout.buildDir();
+
+        assertThat(buildDir.toString())
+                .doesNotStartWith(rootFolder().toPath().toString())
+                .startsWith(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itCleansUpTmpBuildDir() throws IOException {
+        ExecutionLayout layout = ExecutionLayout.create(fileResolver(), commandLineStream());
+        Path buildDir = layout.buildDir();
+        buildDir.toFile().mkdirs(); // make sure it's ready
+        Path tmpFile = buildDir.resolve("tmpFile.txt");
+        Files.writeString(tmpFile, "Test %s".formatted(buildDir));
+
+        cleanup.clearCleanables();
+
+        assertThat(Files.exists(buildDir)).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    private FileResolver fileResolver() {
+        return new FileResolver(rootFolder().toPath());
+    }
+
+    private SpotlessCommandLineStream commandLineStream() {
+        return Mockito.mock(SpotlessCommandLineStream.class);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/ClangFormatTest.java b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/ClangFormatTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad37910
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/ClangFormatTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.CLIIntegrationHarness;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.ForeignExeMock;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cpp.ClangFormatStep;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.CliNativeTest;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.CliProcessTest;
+
+@CliProcessTest
+@CliNativeTest
+class ClangFormatTest extends CLIIntegrationHarness {
+
+    File clangFormatExec;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void prepareClangFormatExecMock() {
+        ForeignExeMock mock = ForeignExeMock.builder("clang-format", ClangFormatStep.defaultVersion())
+                .withStringConsumingOption("--style", List.of("LLVM", "Google", "Mozilla"))
+                .withStringConsumingOption("--assume-filename")
+                .withReadFromStdin()
+                .withWriteToStdout()
+                .build();
+
+        clangFormatExec = setFile(mock.getFileName())
+                .toContent(mock.getContent())
+                .makeExecutable()
+                .getFile();
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource
+    void itFormatsFileType(String testFileName, String resourceName) throws Exception {
+        File testFile = setFile(testFileName).toResource(resourceName).getFile();
+
+        cliRunner()
+                .withTargets(testFileName)
+                .withStep(ClangFormat.class)
+                .withOption("--clang-version", ClangFormatStep.defaultVersion())
+                .withOption("--clang-format-exec", clangFormatExec.getAbsolutePath())
+                .run();
+
+        assertFile(testFile).notSameSasResource(resourceName);
+        selfie().expectFile(testFile).toMatchDisk(testFileName);
+    }
+
+    static Stream<Arguments> itFormatsFileType() {
+        return Stream.of(
+                Arguments.of("Test.java", "clang/example.java.dirty"),
+                Arguments.of("test.cs", "clang/example.cs"),
+                Arguments.of("test.c", "clang/example.c"),
+                Arguments.of("Test.js", "clang/example.js"),
+                Arguments.of("Test.m", "clang/example.m"),
+                Arguments.of("Test.proto", "clang/example.proto"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itFormatsWithSpecificStyle() throws Exception {
+        File testFile =
+                setFile("Test.java").toResource("clang/example.java.dirty").getFile();
+
+        cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("Test.java")
+                .withStep(ClangFormat.class)
+                .withOption("--clang-version", ClangFormatStep.defaultVersion())
+                .withOption("--style", "Google")
+                .withOption("--clang-format-exec", clangFormatExec.getAbsolutePath())
+                .run();
+
+        assertFile(testFile).notSameSasResource("clang/example.java.dirty");
+        selfie().expectFile(testFile).toMatchDisk();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/FormatAnnotationsTest.java b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/FormatAnnotationsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed0c67f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/FormatAnnotationsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.CLIIntegrationHarness;
+
+public class FormatAnnotationsTest extends CLIIntegrationHarness {
+
+    @Test
+    void itFormatsAnnotations() {
+        setFile("Test.java").toResource("java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsTestInput.test");
+
+        cliRunner().withTargets("Test.java").withStep(FormatAnnotations.class).run();
+
+        assertFile("Test.java").notSameSasResource("java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsTestInput.test");
+        selfie().expectResource("Test.java").toMatchDisk();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itHandlesAnnotationsInComments() {
+        setFile("Test.java").toResource("java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsInCommentsInput.test");
+
+        cliRunner().withTargets("Test.java").withStep(FormatAnnotations.class).run();
+
+        assertFile("Test.java").notSameSasResource("java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsInCommentsInput.test");
+        selfie().expectResource("Test.java").toMatchDisk();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itWorksWithAddingAndRemovingCommentsAsRepeatedOption() {
+        setFile("Test.java").toResource("java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsAddRemoveInput.test");
+
+        cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("Test.java")
+                .withStep(FormatAnnotations.class)
+                .withOption("--add-type-annotation", "Empty")
+                .withOption("--add-type-annotation", "NonEmpty")
+                .withOption("--remove-type-annotation", "Localized")
+                .run();
+
+        assertFile("Test.java").notSameSasResource("java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsAddRemoveInput.test");
+        selfie().expectResource("Test.java").toMatchDisk();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itWorksWithAddingAndRemovingCommentsAsSingleOption() {
+        setFile("Test.java").toResource("java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsAddRemoveInput.test");
+
+        cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("Test.java")
+                .withStep(FormatAnnotations.class)
+                .withOption("--add-type-annotation", "Empty,NonEmpty")
+                .withOption("--remove-type-annotation", "Localized")
+                .run();
+
+        assertFile("Test.java").notSameSasResource("java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsAddRemoveInput.test");
+        selfie().expectResource("Test.java").toMatchDisk();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/GoogleJavaFormatTest.java b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/GoogleJavaFormatTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42b7a5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/GoogleJavaFormatTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.CLIIntegrationHarness;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.SpotlessCLIRunner;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.CliNativeTest;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.CliProcessTest;
+
+@CliProcessTest
+@CliNativeTest
+public class GoogleJavaFormatTest extends CLIIntegrationHarness {
+
+    @Test
+    void formattingWithGoogleJavaFormatWorks() throws IOException {
+        setFile("Java.java").toResource("java/googlejavaformat/JavaCodeUnformatted.test");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("*.java")
+                .withStep(GoogleJavaFormat.class)
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("Java.java").toMatchDisk();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void formattingWithAOSPStyleWorks() throws IOException {
+        setFile("Java.java").toResource("java/googlejavaformat/JavaCodeUnformatted.test");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("*.java")
+                .withStep(GoogleJavaFormat.class)
+                .withOption("--style=aosp")
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("Java.java").toMatchDisk();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void disablingFormattingJavadocWithGoogleJavaFormatWorks() throws IOException {
+        setFile("Java.java").toResource("java/googlejavaformat/JavaCodeUnformatted.test");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("*.java")
+                .withStep(GoogleJavaFormat.class)
+                .withOption("--format-javadoc=false")
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("Java.java").toMatchDisk();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void reflowLongStringsWithGoogleJavaFormatWorks() throws IOException {
+        setFile("Java.java").toResource("java/googlejavaformat/JavaCodeUnformatted.test");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("*.java")
+                .withStep(GoogleJavaFormat.class)
+                .withOption("--reflow-long-strings=true")
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("Java.java").toMatchDisk();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void reorderImportsWithGoogleJavaFormatWorks() throws IOException {
+        setFile("Java.java").toResource("java/googlejavaformat/JavaCodeUnformatted.test");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("*.java")
+                .withStep(GoogleJavaFormat.class)
+                .withOption("--reorder-imports=true")
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("Java.java").toMatchDisk();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/LicenseHeaderTest.java b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/LicenseHeaderTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..565f48b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/LicenseHeaderTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.CLIIntegrationHarness;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.SpotlessCLIRunner;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.generic.LicenseHeaderStep;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.CliNativeTest;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.CliProcessTest;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+@CliProcessTest
+@CliNativeTest
+public class LicenseHeaderTest extends CLIIntegrationHarness {
+
+    @Test
+    void assertHeaderMustBeSpecified() {
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("**/*.java")
+                .withStep(LicenseHeader.class)
+                .runAndFail();
+
+        assertThat(result.stdErr()).containsPattern(".*Missing required.*header.*");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void assertHeaderIsApplied() {
+        setFile("TestFile.java").toContent("public class TestFile {}");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("TestFile.java")
+                .withStep(LicenseHeader.class)
+                .withOption("--header", "/* License */")
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("TestFile.java").toBe("""
+/* License */
+public class TestFile {}""");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void assertHeaderFileIsApplied() {
+        setFile("TestFile.java").toContent("public class TestFile {}");
+        setFile("header.txt").toContent("/* License */");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("TestFile.java")
+                .withStep(LicenseHeader.class)
+                .withOption("--header-file", "header.txt")
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("TestFile.java").toBe("""
+/* License */
+public class TestFile {}""");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void assertDelimiterIsApplied() {
+        setFile("TestFile.java").toContent("/* keep me */\npublic class TestFile {}");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("TestFile.java")
+                .withStep(LicenseHeader.class)
+                .withOption("--header", "/* License */")
+                .withOption("--delimiter", "\\/\\* keep me")
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("TestFile.java").toBe("""
+/* License */
+/* keep me */
+public class TestFile {}""");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void assertYearModeIsApplied() {
+        setFile("TestFile.java").toContent("/* License (c) 2022 */\npublic class TestFile {}");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("TestFile.java")
+                .withStep(LicenseHeader.class)
+                .withOption("--header", "/* License (c) $YEAR */")
+                .withOption("--year-mode", LicenseHeaderStep.YearMode.UPDATE_TO_TODAY.toString())
+                .run();
+
+        assertFile("TestFile.java")
+                .hasContent("/* License (c) 2022-" + LocalDate.now().getYear() + " */\npublic class TestFile {}");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void assertYearSeparatorIsApplied() {
+        setFile("TestFile.java").toContent("/* License (c) 2022...2023 */\npublic class TestFile {}");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("TestFile.java")
+                .withStep(LicenseHeader.class)
+                .withOption("--header", "/* License (c) $YEAR */")
+                .withOption("--year-mode", LicenseHeaderStep.YearMode.UPDATE_TO_TODAY.toString())
+                .withOption("--year-separator", "...")
+                .run();
+
+        assertFile("TestFile.java")
+                .hasContent("/* License (c) 2022..." + LocalDate.now().getYear() + " */\npublic class TestFile {}");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void assertSkipLinesMatchingIsApplied() {
+        setFile("TestFile.java").toContent("/* skip me */\npublic class TestFile {}");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("TestFile.java")
+                .withStep(LicenseHeader.class)
+                .withOption("--header", "/* License */")
+                .withOption("--skip-lines-matching", ".*skip me.*")
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("TestFile.java").toBe("""
+/* skip me */
+/* License */
+public class TestFile {}
+""");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void assertPreserveModeIsApplied() {
+        setFile("TestFile.java").toContent("/* License (c) 2022 */\npublic class TestFile {}");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("TestFile.java")
+                .withStep(LicenseHeader.class)
+                .withOption("--header", "/* License (c) $YEAR */")
+                .withOption("--year-mode", LicenseHeaderStep.YearMode.PRESERVE.toString())
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("TestFile.java").toBe("""
+/* License (c) 2022 */
+public class TestFile {}""");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void assertContentPatternIsAppliedIfMatching() {
+        setFile("TestFile.java").toContent("public class TestFile {}");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("TestFile.java")
+                .withStep(LicenseHeader.class)
+                .withOption("--header", "/* License */")
+                .withOption("--content-pattern", ".*TestFile.*")
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("TestFile.java").toBe("""
+/* License */
+public class TestFile {}""");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void assertContentPatternIsNotAppliedIfNotMatching() {
+        setFile("TestFile.java").toContent("public class TestFile {}");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("TestFile.java")
+                .withStep(LicenseHeader.class)
+                .withOption("--header", "/* License */")
+                .withOption("--content-pattern", ".*NonExistent.*")
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("TestFile.java").toBe("public class TestFile {}");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/PalantirJavaFormatTest.java b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/PalantirJavaFormatTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2454d2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/PalantirJavaFormatTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.EnumSource;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.CLIIntegrationHarness;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.SpotlessCLIRunner;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.CliNativeTest;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.CliProcessTest;
+
+@CliProcessTest
+@CliNativeTest
+public class PalantirJavaFormatTest extends CLIIntegrationHarness {
+
+    @Test
+    void itFormatsWithDefaultOptions() {
+        setFile("Java.java").toResource("java/palantirjavaformat/JavaCodeWithJavaDocUnformatted.test");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("*.java")
+                .withStep(PalantirJavaFormat.class)
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("Java.java").toMatchDisk();
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @EnumSource(PalantirJavaFormat.Style.class)
+    void itFormatsWithSelectedStyle(PalantirJavaFormat.Style style) {
+        setFile("Java.java").toResource("java/palantirjavaformat/JavaCodeWithJavaDocUnformatted.test");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("*.java")
+                .withStep(PalantirJavaFormat.class)
+                .withOption("--style", style.name())
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("Java.java").toMatchDisk(style.name());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itFormatsJavadoc() {
+        setFile("Java.java").toResource("java/palantirjavaformat/JavaCodeWithJavaDocUnformatted.test");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("*.java")
+                .withStep(PalantirJavaFormat.class)
+                .withOption("--format-javadoc", "true")
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("Java.java").toMatchDisk();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itFormatsTextBlocks() {
+        setFile("Java.java").toResource("java/palantirjavaformat/TextBlock.dirty");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("*.java")
+                .withStep(PalantirJavaFormat.class)
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("Java.java").toMatchDisk();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/PrettierTest.java b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/PrettierTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cd4e5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/PrettierTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.DisabledOnOs;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.CLIIntegrationHarness;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.SpotlessCLIRunner;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.CliNativeNpmTest;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.CliProcessNpmTest;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.tag.NpmTest;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.OS.WINDOWS;
+
+@NpmTest
+@CliProcessNpmTest
+@CliNativeNpmTest
+public class PrettierTest extends CLIIntegrationHarness {
+
+    @Test
+    void itRunsPrettierForTsFilesWithOptions() throws IOException {
+        setFile("test.ts").toResource("npm/prettier/config/typescript.dirty");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("test.ts")
+                .withStep(Prettier.class)
+                .withOption("--prettier-config-option", "printWidth=20")
+                .withOption("--prettier-config-option", "parser=typescript")
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("test.ts").toMatchDisk();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itRunsPrettierForTsFilesWithOptionFile() throws Exception {
+        setFile(".prettierrc.yml").toResource("npm/prettier/config/.prettierrc.yml");
+        setFile("test.ts").toResource("npm/prettier/config/typescript.dirty");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("test.ts")
+                .withStep(Prettier.class)
+                .withOption("--prettier-config-path", ".prettierrc.yml")
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("test.ts").toMatchDisk();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itRunsPrettierWithoutAnyOptions() throws IOException {
+        setFile("test.ts").toResource("npm/prettier/config/typescript.dirty");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result =
+                cliRunner().withTargets("test.ts").withStep(Prettier.class).run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("test.ts").toMatchDisk();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itRunsSpecificPrettierVersion2x() throws IOException {
+        setFile("test.ts").toResource("npm/prettier/config/typescript.dirty");
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("test.ts")
+                .withStep(Prettier.class)
+                .withOption("--dev-dependency", "prettier=2.8.7")
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("test.ts").toMatchDisk();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itUsesACacheDir() throws IOException {
+        setFile("test.ts").toResource("npm/prettier/config/typescript.dirty");
+
+        File cacheDir = newFolder("cachedir");
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("test.ts")
+                .withStep(Prettier.class)
+                .withOption("--npm-install-cache-dir", cacheDir.getPath())
+                .run();
+
+        selfie().expectResource("test.ts").toMatchDisk();
+
+        assertThat(cacheDir).isNotEmptyDirectory();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisabledOnOs(WINDOWS)
+    void itUsesNpmExec() {
+        setFile("test.ts").toResource("npm/prettier/config/typescript.dirty");
+        File npmOut = newFile("npmoutput.txt");
+        File npm = setFile("npm")
+                .toContent(
+                        """
+            #!/bin/sh
+            echo "npm exec" > %s
+            exit -99
+            """
+                                .formatted(npmOut.getAbsolutePath()))
+                .makeExecutable()
+                .getFile();
+
+        File nodeOut = newFile("nodeoutput.txt");
+        setFile("node")
+                .toContent(
+                        """
+            #!/bin/sh
+            echo "node exec" > %s
+            exit -100
+            """
+                                .formatted(nodeOut.getAbsolutePath()))
+                .makeExecutable();
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("test.ts")
+                .withStep(Prettier.class)
+                .withOption("--npm-exec", npm.getPath())
+                .runAndFail();
+
+        selfie().expectFile(npmOut).toBe("""
+npm exec
+""");
+        selfie().expectFile(nodeOut).toBe("");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @DisabledOnOs(WINDOWS)
+    void itUsesNodeExec() {
+        setFile("test.ts").toResource("npm/prettier/config/typescript.dirty");
+        File npmOut = newFile("npmoutput.txt");
+        setFile("npm")
+                .toContent(
+                        """
+            #!/bin/sh
+            echo "npm exec" > %s
+            exit -99
+            """
+                                .formatted(npmOut.getAbsolutePath()))
+                .makeExecutable();
+
+        File nodeOut = newFile("nodeoutput.txt");
+        File node = setFile("node")
+                .toContent(
+                        """
+            #!/bin/sh
+            echo "node exec" > %s
+            exit -100
+            """
+                                .formatted(nodeOut.getAbsolutePath()))
+                .makeExecutable()
+                .getFile();
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("test.ts")
+                .withStep(Prettier.class)
+                .withOption("--node-exec", node.getPath())
+                .runAndFail();
+
+        selfie().expectFile(npmOut).toBe("""
+npm exec
+""");
+        selfie().expectFile(nodeOut).toBe("");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itUsesNpmrcFile() {
+        setFile("test.ts").toResource("npm/prettier/config/typescript.dirty");
+
+        File npmrc = setFile(".custom_npmrc")
+                .toLines(
+                        "registry=https://i.do.not.exist.com",
+                        "fetch-timeout=250",
+                        "fetch-retry-mintimeout=250",
+                        "fetch-retry-maxtimeout=250")
+                .getFile();
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("test.ts")
+                .withStep(Prettier.class)
+                .withOption("--npmrc-file", npmrc.getPath())
+                .runAndFail();
+
+        assertThat(result.exitCode()).isNotZero();
+        assertThat(result.stdErr()).containsPattern(".*Running npm command.*NpmInstall.* failed with exit code: 1");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itUsesNpmrcFileInAdditionalLocation() throws IOException {
+        setFile("test.ts").toResource("npm/prettier/config/typescript.dirty");
+
+        File additionalLocation = newFolder("additionalLocation");
+
+        File npmrc = setFile(additionalLocation.getName() + "/.npmrc")
+                .toLines(
+                        "registry=https://i.do.not.exist.com",
+                        "fetch-timeout=250",
+                        "fetch-retry-mintimeout=250",
+                        "fetch-retry-maxtimeout=250")
+                .getFile();
+
+        SpotlessCLIRunner.Result result = cliRunner()
+                .withTargets("test.ts")
+                .withStep(Prettier.class)
+                .withOption("--additional-npmrc-location", additionalLocation.getPath())
+                .runAndFail();
+
+        assertThat(result.exitCode()).isNotZero();
+        assertThat(result.stdErr()).containsPattern(".*Running npm command.*NpmInstall.* failed with exit code: 1");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIModeTest.ss b/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIModeTest.ss
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a319abd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIModeTest.ss
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+╔═ applyModeChangesFilesAndExitsWithCode0 ═╗
+import mylib.UsedA;
+import mylib.UsedB;
+
+public class Java {
+  /** Some javadoc. */
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    System.out.println(
+        "A very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very long string that goes beyond the 100-character line length.");
+    UsedB.someMethod();
+    UsedA.someMethod();
+  }
+}
+
+╔═ checkModeLeavesFilesUnchangedAndExitsWithCode1 ═╗
+
+import mylib.Unused;
+import mylib.UsedB;
+import mylib.UsedA;
+
+public class Java {
+/**
+ * Some javadoc.
+ */
+public static void main(String[] args) {
+System.out.println("A very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very long string that goes beyond the 100-character line length.");
+UsedB.someMethod();
+UsedA.someMethod();
+}
+}
+╔═ [end of file] ═╗
diff --git a/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/ClangFormatTest.ss b/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/ClangFormatTest.ss
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7335aac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/ClangFormatTest.ss
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+╔═ itFormatsFileType/Test.java ═╗
+output written by clang-format
+
+╔═ itFormatsFileType/Test.js ═╗
+output written by clang-format
+
+╔═ itFormatsFileType/Test.m ═╗
+output written by clang-format
+
+╔═ itFormatsFileType/Test.proto ═╗
+output written by clang-format
+
+╔═ itFormatsFileType/test.c ═╗
+output written by clang-format
+
+╔═ itFormatsFileType/test.cs ═╗
+output written by clang-format
+
+╔═ itFormatsWithSpecificStyle ═╗
+output written by clang-format
+
+╔═ [end of file] ═╗
diff --git a/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/FormatAnnotationsTest.ss b/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/FormatAnnotationsTest.ss
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a95e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/FormatAnnotationsTest.ss
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+╔═ itFormatsAnnotations ═╗
+class FormatAnnotationsTest {
+
+  public @Nullable String s0 = null;
+
+  @Deprecated
+  public @Nullable String m0() {}
+
+  @Nullable String s1 = null;
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Nullable String m1() {}
+
+  @Nullable @Deprecated
+  String m2() {}
+
+  @Nullable @Regex(2) @Interned String s2 = null;
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Nullable @Regex(2) @Interned String m3() {}
+
+  @Nullable @Deprecated
+  @Regex(2) @Interned String m4() {}
+
+  @Nullable
+  // a comment
+  @Regex(2) @Interned String s3 = null;
+
+  @Nullable // a comment
+  @Regex(2) @Interned String s4 = null;
+
+  @Nullable @Regex(2) @Interned
+  // a comment
+  String s5 = null;
+
+  @Deprecated
+  // a comment
+  @Nullable @Regex(2) @Interned String m5() {}
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Nullable
+  // a comment
+  @Regex(2) @Interned String m6() {}
+
+  @Empty
+  String e;
+
+  @NonEmpty
+  String ne;
+
+  @Localized String localized;
+}
+
+@Deprecated
+@SuppressWarnings
+public
+@Interned @MustCall("close") class MyClass1 {
+  // No body
+}
+
+╔═ itHandlesAnnotationsInComments ═╗
+class FormatAnnotationsInComments {
+
+  // Here is a comment
+  @Interned String m1() {}
+
+  // Here is another comment
+  String m2() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Here is a misformatted type annotation within a Javadoc comment.
+   *
+   * @Nullable
+   * String s;
+   */
+
+  @Nullable @Interned String m3(/* Don't get confused by other comments on the line with the type */) {}
+
+  @Nullable @Interned String m3() {} // Still not confused
+
+  /*
+    code snippets in regular comments do get re-formatted
+
+    @Nullable String s;
+   */
+}
+
+╔═ itWorksWithAddingAndRemovingCommentsAsRepeatedOption ═╗
+class FormatAnnotationsAddRemove {
+
+  @Empty String e;
+
+  @NonEmpty String ne;
+
+  @Localized
+  String localized;
+}
+
+╔═ itWorksWithAddingAndRemovingCommentsAsSingleOption ═╗
+class FormatAnnotationsAddRemove {
+
+  @Empty String e;
+
+  @NonEmpty String ne;
+
+  @Localized
+  String localized;
+}
+
+╔═ [end of file] ═╗
diff --git a/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/GoogleJavaFormatTest.ss b/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/GoogleJavaFormatTest.ss
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62296b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/GoogleJavaFormatTest.ss
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+╔═ disablingFormattingJavadocWithGoogleJavaFormatWorks ═╗
+import mylib.UsedA;
+import mylib.UsedB;
+
+public class Java {
+  /**
+   * Some javadoc.
+   */
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    System.out.println(
+        "A very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very long string that goes beyond the 100-character line length.");
+    UsedB.someMethod();
+    UsedA.someMethod();
+  }
+}
+
+╔═ formattingWithAOSPStyleWorks ═╗
+import mylib.UsedA;
+import mylib.UsedB;
+
+public class Java {
+    /** Some javadoc. */
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println(
+                "A very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very long string that goes beyond the 100-character line length.");
+        UsedB.someMethod();
+        UsedA.someMethod();
+    }
+}
+
+╔═ formattingWithGoogleJavaFormatWorks ═╗
+import mylib.UsedA;
+import mylib.UsedB;
+
+public class Java {
+  /** Some javadoc. */
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    System.out.println(
+        "A very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very long string that goes beyond the 100-character line length.");
+    UsedB.someMethod();
+    UsedA.someMethod();
+  }
+}
+
+╔═ reflowLongStringsWithGoogleJavaFormatWorks ═╗
+import mylib.UsedA;
+import mylib.UsedB;
+
+public class Java {
+  /** Some javadoc. */
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    System.out.println(
+        "A very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very"
+            + " very very very very long string that goes beyond the 100-character line length.");
+    UsedB.someMethod();
+    UsedA.someMethod();
+  }
+}
+
+╔═ reorderImportsWithGoogleJavaFormatWorks ═╗
+import mylib.UsedA;
+import mylib.UsedB;
+
+public class Java {
+  /** Some javadoc. */
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    System.out.println(
+        "A very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very long string that goes beyond the 100-character line length.");
+    UsedB.someMethod();
+    UsedA.someMethod();
+  }
+}
+
+╔═ [end of file] ═╗
diff --git a/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/PalantirJavaFormatTest.ss b/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/PalantirJavaFormatTest.ss
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ec99b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/PalantirJavaFormatTest.ss
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+╔═ itFormatsJavadoc ═╗
+import mylib.Unused;
+import mylib.UsedA;
+import mylib.UsedB;
+
+/**
+ * This is a test class with a long unformatted JavaDoc description. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing
+ * elit. Vestibulum pulvinar condimentum elit, eget mollis magna sollicitudin in. Aenean pharetra nunc nec luctus
+ * consequat. Donec nec tincidunt quam, in auctor ipsum. Nam in sem orci. Maecenas interdum posuere orci a semper. Cras
+ * vulputate blandit metus, nec semper urna porttitor at. Praesent velit turpis, consequat in cursus eget, posuere eget
+ * magna. Interdum et malesuada fames ac ante ipsum primis in faucibus. Pellentesque ante eros, sagittis sed tempus nec,
+ * rutrum ac arcu. Sed porttitor quam at enim commodo dictum. Sed fringilla tincidunt ex in aliquet.
+ *
+ * @author https://www.lipsum.com/
+ * @since 0.0.2
+ */
+public class Java {
+    /**
+     * A very simple method that I really like a lot?
+     *
+     * <p>Care for more details?
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>Too
+     *   <li>bad
+     *   <li>I
+     *   <li>don't
+     *   <li>have
+     *   <li>any
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param args Useless args, but see {@link Unused}, perhaps even {@link UsedA} or even {@link UsedB b }?
+     */
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println(
+                "A very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very long string that goes beyond the 100-character line length.");
+        UsedB.someMethod();
+        UsedA.someMethod();
+    }
+}
+
+╔═ itFormatsTextBlocks ═╗
+import mylib.UsedA;
+import mylib.UsedB;
+
+public class Java {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        var a = """
+          Howdy
+          Partner!
+        """;
+        System.out.println(a);
+        UsedB.someMethod();
+        UsedA.someMethod();
+    }
+}
+
+╔═ itFormatsWithDefaultOptions ═╗
+import mylib.Unused;
+import mylib.UsedA;
+import mylib.UsedB;
+
+/** This is a test class with a long unformatted JavaDoc description. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum pulvinar condimentum elit, eget mollis magna sollicitudin in. Aenean pharetra nunc nec luctus consequat. Donec nec tincidunt quam, in auctor ipsum. Nam in sem orci. Maecenas interdum posuere orci a semper. Cras vulputate blandit metus, nec semper urna porttitor at. Praesent velit turpis, consequat in cursus eget, posuere eget magna. Interdum et malesuada fames ac ante ipsum primis in faucibus. Pellentesque ante eros, sagittis sed tempus nec, rutrum ac arcu. Sed porttitor quam at enim commodo dictum. Sed fringilla tincidunt ex in aliquet.
+ *             @author              https://www.lipsum.com/
+ *    @since  0.0.2
+ */
+public class Java {
+    /**
+     * A very simple method that I
+     * really
+     * like
+     * a lot?
+     *
+     * Care for more details? <ul><li>Too</li><li>bad</li>
+     * <li>I</li><li>don't</li><li>have</li>
+     *    <li>any</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     *    @param args Useless args, but
+     * see   {@link Unused}, perhaps even {@link UsedA} or even {@link UsedB   b }?
+     */
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println(
+                "A very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very long string that goes beyond the 100-character line length.");
+        UsedB.someMethod();
+        UsedA.someMethod();
+    }
+}
+
+╔═ itFormatsWithSelectedStyle/AOSP ═╗
+import mylib.Unused;
+import mylib.UsedA;
+import mylib.UsedB;
+
+/** This is a test class with a long unformatted JavaDoc description. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum pulvinar condimentum elit, eget mollis magna sollicitudin in. Aenean pharetra nunc nec luctus consequat. Donec nec tincidunt quam, in auctor ipsum. Nam in sem orci. Maecenas interdum posuere orci a semper. Cras vulputate blandit metus, nec semper urna porttitor at. Praesent velit turpis, consequat in cursus eget, posuere eget magna. Interdum et malesuada fames ac ante ipsum primis in faucibus. Pellentesque ante eros, sagittis sed tempus nec, rutrum ac arcu. Sed porttitor quam at enim commodo dictum. Sed fringilla tincidunt ex in aliquet.
+ *             @author              https://www.lipsum.com/
+ *    @since  0.0.2
+ */
+public class Java {
+    /**
+     * A very simple method that I
+     * really
+     * like
+     * a lot?
+     *
+     * Care for more details? <ul><li>Too</li><li>bad</li>
+     * <li>I</li><li>don't</li><li>have</li>
+     *    <li>any</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     *    @param args Useless args, but
+     * see   {@link Unused}, perhaps even {@link UsedA} or even {@link UsedB   b }?
+     */
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println(
+                "A very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very long string that goes beyond the 100-character line length.");
+        UsedB.someMethod();
+        UsedA.someMethod();
+    }
+}
+
+╔═ itFormatsWithSelectedStyle/GOOGLE ═╗
+import mylib.Unused;
+import mylib.UsedA;
+import mylib.UsedB;
+
+/** This is a test class with a long unformatted JavaDoc description. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum pulvinar condimentum elit, eget mollis magna sollicitudin in. Aenean pharetra nunc nec luctus consequat. Donec nec tincidunt quam, in auctor ipsum. Nam in sem orci. Maecenas interdum posuere orci a semper. Cras vulputate blandit metus, nec semper urna porttitor at. Praesent velit turpis, consequat in cursus eget, posuere eget magna. Interdum et malesuada fames ac ante ipsum primis in faucibus. Pellentesque ante eros, sagittis sed tempus nec, rutrum ac arcu. Sed porttitor quam at enim commodo dictum. Sed fringilla tincidunt ex in aliquet.
+ *             @author              https://www.lipsum.com/
+ *    @since  0.0.2
+ */
+public class Java {
+  /**
+   * A very simple method that I
+   * really
+   * like
+   * a lot?
+   *
+   * Care for more details? <ul><li>Too</li><li>bad</li>
+   * <li>I</li><li>don't</li><li>have</li>
+   *    <li>any</li>
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   *    @param args Useless args, but
+   * see   {@link Unused}, perhaps even {@link UsedA} or even {@link UsedB   b }?
+   */
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    System.out.println(
+        "A very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very long string that goes beyond the 100-character line length.");
+    UsedB.someMethod();
+    UsedA.someMethod();
+  }
+}
+
+╔═ itFormatsWithSelectedStyle/PALANTIR ═╗
+import mylib.Unused;
+import mylib.UsedA;
+import mylib.UsedB;
+
+/** This is a test class with a long unformatted JavaDoc description. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum pulvinar condimentum elit, eget mollis magna sollicitudin in. Aenean pharetra nunc nec luctus consequat. Donec nec tincidunt quam, in auctor ipsum. Nam in sem orci. Maecenas interdum posuere orci a semper. Cras vulputate blandit metus, nec semper urna porttitor at. Praesent velit turpis, consequat in cursus eget, posuere eget magna. Interdum et malesuada fames ac ante ipsum primis in faucibus. Pellentesque ante eros, sagittis sed tempus nec, rutrum ac arcu. Sed porttitor quam at enim commodo dictum. Sed fringilla tincidunt ex in aliquet.
+ *             @author              https://www.lipsum.com/
+ *    @since  0.0.2
+ */
+public class Java {
+    /**
+     * A very simple method that I
+     * really
+     * like
+     * a lot?
+     *
+     * Care for more details? <ul><li>Too</li><li>bad</li>
+     * <li>I</li><li>don't</li><li>have</li>
+     *    <li>any</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     *    @param args Useless args, but
+     * see   {@link Unused}, perhaps even {@link UsedA} or even {@link UsedB   b }?
+     */
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println(
+                "A very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very long string that goes beyond the 100-character line length.");
+        UsedB.someMethod();
+        UsedA.someMethod();
+    }
+}
+
+╔═ [end of file] ═╗
diff --git a/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/PrettierTest.ss b/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/PrettierTest.ss
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7c356b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/resources/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/steps/PrettierTest.ss
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+╔═ itRunsPrettierForTsFilesWithOptionFile ═╗
+export class MyVeryOwnControllerWithARatherLongNameThatIsNotReallyNecessary
+  extends AbstractController
+  implements
+    DisposeAware,
+    CallbackAware
+{
+  public myValue: string[];
+
+  constructor(
+    private myService: Service,
+    name: string,
+    private field: any
+  ) {
+    super(name);
+  }
+
+  //...
+}
+
+╔═ itRunsPrettierForTsFilesWithOptions ═╗
+export class MyVeryOwnControllerWithARatherLongNameThatIsNotReallyNecessary
+  extends AbstractController
+  implements
+    DisposeAware,
+    CallbackAware
+{
+  public myValue: string[];
+
+  constructor(
+    private myService: Service,
+    name: string,
+    private field: any
+  ) {
+    super(name);
+  }
+
+  //...
+}
+
+╔═ itRunsPrettierWithoutAnyOptions ═╗
+export class MyVeryOwnControllerWithARatherLongNameThatIsNotReallyNecessary
+  extends AbstractController
+  implements DisposeAware, CallbackAware
+{
+  public myValue: string[];
+
+  constructor(private myService: Service, name: string, private field: any) {
+    super(name);
+  }
+
+  //...
+}
+
+╔═ itRunsSpecificPrettierVersion2x ═╗
+export class MyVeryOwnControllerWithARatherLongNameThatIsNotReallyNecessary
+  extends AbstractController
+  implements DisposeAware, CallbackAware
+{
+  public myValue: string[];
+
+  constructor(private myService: Service, name: string, private field: any) {
+    super(name);
+  }
+
+  //...
+}
+
+╔═ itUsesACacheDir ═╗
+export class MyVeryOwnControllerWithARatherLongNameThatIsNotReallyNecessary
+  extends AbstractController
+  implements DisposeAware, CallbackAware
+{
+  public myValue: string[];
+
+  constructor(private myService: Service, name: string, private field: any) {
+    super(name);
+  }
+
+  //...
+}
+
+╔═ [end of file] ═╗
diff --git a/build-logic/build.gradle b/build-logic/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6444fdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ *
+ * This project uses @Incubating APIs which are subject to change.
+ */
+
+plugins {
+	// Support convention plugins written in Groovy. Convention plugins are build scripts in 'src/main' that automatically become available as plugins in the main build.
+	id 'groovy-gradle-plugin'
+	id 'com.diffplug.spotless'
+}
+
+repositories {
+	// Use the plugin portal to apply community plugins in convention plugins.
+	gradlePluginPortal()
+	mavenCentral()
+}
+
+dependencies {
+	implementation 'com.gradleup.shadow:shadow-gradle-plugin:8.3.6'
+	implementation 'org.graalvm.buildtools:native-gradle-plugin:0.10.5'
+	implementation libs.bundles.spotless.libs
+}
+
+spotless {
+	encoding 'UTF-8'
+
+	groovy {
+		importOrder('java|javax', 'org', 'com', 'com.diffplug', '', '\\#')
+		removeSemicolons()
+		greclipse()
+		excludeJava()
+		endWithNewline()
+	}
+	groovyGradle {
+		target '*.gradle', 'src/main/groovy/**/*.gradle'
+		greclipse()
+		endWithNewline()
+	}
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/settings.gradle b/build-logic/settings.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21a9a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/settings.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ *
+ * This settings file is used to specify which projects to include in your build-logic build.
+ * This project uses @Incubating APIs which are subject to change.
+ */
+plugins {
+	// https://github.com/diffplug/spotless/blob/main/plugin-gradle/CHANGES.md
+	id 'com.diffplug.spotless' version '7.0.2' apply false
+
+	// https://github.com/GradleUp/shadow/releases
+	id 'com.gradleup.shadow' version '8.3.6' apply false
+}
+
+dependencyResolutionManagement {
+	// Reuse version catalog from the main build.
+	versionCatalogs {
+		create('libs', { from(files("../gradle/libs.versions.toml")) })
+	}
+}
+
+rootProject.name = 'build-logic'
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.changelog-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.changelog-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..039f7ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.changelog-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+plugins {
+	id 'com.diffplug.spotless-changelog'
+	id 'buildlogic.release-prepare-packages-conventions'
+}
+
+spotlessChangelog {
+	// need -Prelease=true in order to do a publish
+	appendDashSnapshotUnless_dashPrelease=true
+	// fail if the changelog is not properly formatted
+	enforceCheck true
+
+	if (project.hasProperty('releaseForceVersion') && project.releaseForceVersion != '') {
+		forceNextVersion project.releaseForceVersion
+	}
+	commitMessage "Published v{{version}}"
+	tagMessage "{{changes}}"
+	tagPrefix "v"
+	// https://cli.github.com/manual/gh_release_create
+	runAfterPush "gh release create v{{version}} --title 'spotless-cli v{{version}}' --notes-from-tag ${getPathsOfReleaseBinaryZips().join(' ')}"
+}
+
+version = spotlessChangelog.versionNext
+
+tasks.register('changelogPrintCurrentVersion') {
+	def versionToPrint = spotlessChangelog.versionNext
+	doLast {
+		println "${versionToPrint}"
+	}
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.jar-shadow-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.jar-shadow-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4aa0ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.jar-shadow-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+plugins {
+	id 'com.gradleup.shadow'
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-application-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-application-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fcaad81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-application-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ *
+ * This project uses @Incubating APIs which are subject to change.
+ */
+
+plugins {
+	// Apply the common convention plugin for shared build configuration between library and application projects.
+	id 'buildlogic.java-common-conventions'
+
+	// Apply the application plugin to add support for building a CLI application in Java.
+	id 'application'
+}
+
+dependencies {
+	testImplementation libs.junit.jupiter.api
+	testImplementation libs.assertj.core
+	testImplementation project(':testlib')
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-common-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-common-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..739cbd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-common-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ *
+ * This project uses @Incubating APIs which are subject to change.
+ */
+
+plugins {
+	// Apply the java Plugin to add support for Java.
+	id 'java'
+	id 'buildlogic.spotless-java-conventions'
+	id 'buildlogic.java-selfie-tests-conventions'
+	id 'buildlogic.java-test-mockito-conventions'
+}
+
+repositories {
+	// Use Maven Central for resolving dependencies.
+	mavenCentral()
+	// if we are in localdev, also use the local maven repository
+	def isCI = providers.environmentVariable('CI').present
+	if (!isCI) {
+		mavenLocal()
+	}
+}
+
+dependencies {
+	implementation libs.annotations
+	implementation libs.bundles.spotless.libs
+	implementation libs.bundles.durian.libs
+
+	// logging
+	implementation libs.slf4j.api
+	runtimeOnly libs.slf4j.binding
+	testRuntimeOnly libs.slf4j.binding
+
+	testImplementation libs.bundles.test.libs
+}
+
+testing {
+	suites {
+		// Configure the built-in test suite
+		test {
+			// Use JUnit Jupiter test framework
+			useJUnitJupiter(libs.versions.junit)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Apply a specific Java toolchain to ease working on different environments.
+java {
+	toolchain {
+		languageVersion = JavaLanguageVersion.of(21)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-graalvm-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-graalvm-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67263bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-graalvm-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+plugins {
+	id 'java'
+	id 'org.graalvm.buildtools.native'
+	id 'buildlogic.jar-shadow-conventions'
+}
+
+tasks.withType(org.graalvm.buildtools.gradle.tasks.GenerateResourcesConfigFile).configureEach {
+	notCompatibleWithConfigurationCache('https://github.com/britter/maven-plugin-development/issues/8')
+}
+tasks.withType(org.graalvm.buildtools.gradle.tasks.BuildNativeImageTask).configureEach {
+	notCompatibleWithConfigurationCache('https://github.com/britter/maven-plugin-development/issues/8')
+}
+
+def nativeCompileMetaDir = project.layout.buildDirectory.dir('nativeCompile/src/main/resources/native-image/' + project.group + '/' + project.name)
+
+// documentation: https://graalvm.github.io/native-build-tools/latest/gradle-plugin.html
+// use tasks 'nativeCompile' and 'nativeRun' to compile and run the native image
+graalvmNative {
+	agent {
+		enabled = !project.hasProperty('skipGraalAgent') // we would love to make this dynamic, but it's not possible
+		defaultMode = "conditional"
+		modes {
+			conditional {
+				userCodeFilterPath = 'src/nativecompile/user-code-filter.json'
+			}
+		}
+		metadataCopy {
+			inputTaskNames.add('test')
+			inputTaskNames.add('testNpm')
+			mergeWithExisting = false
+			outputDirectories.add(nativeCompileMetaDir.get().asFile.path)
+		}
+		tasksToInstrumentPredicate = new java.util.function.Predicate<Task>() {
+					@Override
+					boolean test(Task task) {
+						def instrument = task.name == 'test' || task.name == 'testNpm'
+						logger.debug("Instrumenting task ${task.name} = $instrument")
+						return instrument
+					}
+				}
+	}
+	binaries {
+		main {
+			imageName = 'spotless'
+			mainClass = 'com.diffplug.spotless.cli.SpotlessCLI'
+			sharedLibrary = false
+			useFatJar = true // use shadowJar as input to have same classpath
+
+			// allow calling prettier (using local http server)
+			buildArgs.add('--enable-url-protocols=http')
+
+			if (project.hasProperty('release') && project.release == 'true') {
+				// optimizations, see https://www.graalvm.org/latest/reference-manual/native-image/optimizations-and-performance/
+				buildArgs.add('-O3')
+				// on production builds: Aims for the best performance at the cost of longer build times.
+			} else {
+				buildArgs.add('-Ob') // Quick build mode
+			}
+			// the following options are required for GJF
+			// see: <https://github.com/google/google-java-format/issues/894#issuecomment-1430408909>
+			buildArgs.add('-J--add-exports=jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.api=ALL-UNNAMED')
+			buildArgs.add('-J--add-exports=jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.file=ALL-UNNAMED')
+			buildArgs.add('-J--add-exports=jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.parser=ALL-UNNAMED')
+			buildArgs.add('-J--add-exports=jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.tree=ALL-UNNAMED')
+			buildArgs.add('-J--add-exports=jdk.compiler/com.sun.tools.javac.util=ALL-UNNAMED')
+
+			buildArgs.add('--initialize-at-build-time=com.sun.tools.javac.file.Locations')
+
+			buildArgs.add('-H:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions') // to enable the following options
+			buildArgs.add('-H:IncludeResourceBundles=com.sun.tools.javac.resources.compiler')
+			buildArgs.add('-H:IncludeResourceBundles=com.sun.tools.javac.resources.javac')
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+if (!project.hasProperty('skipGraalAgent')) {
+	tasks.named('metadataCopy') {
+		dependsOn('test', 'testNpm')
+	}
+} else {
+	tasks.named('metadataCopy') {
+		enabled = false
+	}
+}
+
+tasks.named('nativeCompile') {
+	dependsOn('shadowJar')
+	classpathJar = tasks.shadowJar.archiveFile.get().asFile
+}
+
+tasks.named('shadowJar', com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.tasks.ShadowJar) {
+	dependsOn('metadataCopy') // produces graalvm agent info
+	from(nativeCompileMetaDir.get().asFile.path) {
+		into('META-INF/native-image/' + project.group + '/' + project.name)
+	}
+}
+
+project.ext.nativeCompileMetaDir = nativeCompileMetaDir
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-library-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-library-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c8b5b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-library-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/*
+ * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ *
+ * This project uses @Incubating APIs which are subject to change.
+ */
+
+plugins {
+	// Apply the common convention plugin for shared build configuration between library and application projects.
+	id 'buildlogic.java-common-conventions'
+
+	// Apply the java-library plugin for API and implementation separation.
+	id 'java-library'
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-selfie-tests-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-selfie-tests-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd8bc4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-selfie-tests-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+plugins {
+	id 'java'
+}
+
+tasks.withType(Test).configureEach {
+	it.environment project.properties.subMap(["selfie"]) // optional, see "Overwrite everything" below
+	it.inputs.files(fileTree("src/test") {
+		// optional, improves up-to-date checking
+		include "**/*.ss"
+	})
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-special-tests-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-special-tests-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f03f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-special-tests-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+plugins {
+	id 'java'
+	id 'com.adarshr.test-logger'
+}
+
+// See com.diffplug.spotless.tag package for available JUnit 5 @Tag annotations
+def special = [
+	'npm',
+	'cliProcess',
+	'cliProcessNpm',
+	'cliNative',
+	'cliNativeNpm'
+]
+
+tasks.named('test').configure {
+	useJUnitPlatform {
+	}
+}
+
+special.forEach { tag ->
+	tasks.register("test${tag.capitalize()}", Test) {
+		useJUnitPlatform {
+			includeTags tag
+			excludeTags 'none()'
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// any test task that does not end with Npm should exclude all the npm tests
+tasks.withType(Test).configureEach { Test task ->
+	if (!task.name.toLowerCase().endsWith('npm')) {
+		def toExclude = special.findAll { it.toLowerCase().endsWith('npm') }.join('|')
+		task.useJUnitPlatform {
+			excludeTags toExclude
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+tasks.register('testAll') {
+	dependsOn tasks.matching { it.name.startsWith('test') && it.name != 'testAll' }
+}
+
+def testAllCliProcess = tasks.register('testAllCliProcess') {
+	dependsOn tasks.matching { it.name.startsWith('testCliProcess') }
+}
+
+tasks.named('check').configure {
+	it.dependsOn(testAllCliProcess)
+}
+
+[
+	tasks.named('testCliNative'),
+	tasks.named('testCliNativeNpm')
+].each {
+	it.configure { Test task ->
+		task.inputs.files(rootProject.project(':app').tasks.named('nativeCompile').get().outputs.files)
+	}
+}
+
+tasks.register('testAllCliNative') {
+	dependsOn tasks.matching { it.name.startsWith('testCliNative') }
+}
+
+tasks.withType(Test).configureEach {
+	testLogging.showStandardStreams = true
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-test-mockito-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-test-mockito-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f862da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-test-mockito-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+plugins {
+	id 'java'
+}
+
+configurations {
+	mockitoAgent
+}
+dependencies {
+	testImplementation(libs.mockito)
+	mockitoAgent(libs.mockito) {
+		transitive = false
+	}
+}
+
+tasks.withType(Test).configureEach { Test task ->
+	task.jvmArgs = [
+		"-javaagent:${configurations.mockitoAgent.asPath}",
+		// disable class data sharing, to prevent "OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: Sharing is only supported for boot loader classes because bootstrap classpath has been appended"
+		// see https://github.com/mockito/mockito/issues/3111#issuecomment-1733939989
+		'-Xshare:off',
+	]
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-testlibrary-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-testlibrary-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08ebf41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.java-testlibrary-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/*
+ * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ *
+ * This project uses @Incubating APIs which are subject to change.
+ */
+
+plugins {
+	// Apply the common convention plugin for shared build configuration between library and application projects.
+	id 'buildlogic.java-common-conventions'
+
+	// Apply the java-library plugin for API and implementation separation.
+	id 'java-library'
+}
+
+dependencies {
+	implementation libs.junit.jupiter.api
+	implementation libs.assertj.core
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.picocli-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.picocli-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59827e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.picocli-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+plugins {
+	id 'buildlogic.java-application-conventions'
+}
+
+dependencies {
+	implementation libs.picocli
+	annotationProcessor libs.picocli.codegen
+}
+
+compileJava {
+	// options for picocli codegen
+	// https://github.com/remkop/picocli/tree/main/picocli-codegen#222-other-options
+	options.compilerArgs += [
+		"-Aproject=${project.group}/${project.name}",
+		"-Aother.resource.bundles=application",
+		// patterns require double-escaping (one escape is removed by groovy, the other one is needed in the resulting json file)
+		"-Aother.resource.patterns=.*\\\\.properties,.*\\\\.json,.*\\\\.js"
+	]
+}
+
+tasks.withType(ProcessResources)
+		.configureEach(new ApplicationPropertiesProcessResourcesAction(
+		[
+			"cli.version": rootProject.version,
+			"lib.version": libs.versions.spotless.lib.get(),
+			"lib.extra.version": libs.versions.spotless.lib.get(),
+		]
+		))
+
+class ApplicationPropertiesProcessResourcesAction implements Action<ProcessResources> {
+
+	private final Map<String, String> properties = [:]
+
+	ApplicationPropertiesProcessResourcesAction(Map<String, String> props) {
+		this.properties.putAll(props)
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	void execute(ProcessResources processResources) {
+		def localProps = properties // prevent issues with decorated closure
+		// make sure to rerun task if properties change
+		processResources.inputs.properties(localProps)
+
+		// replace tokens in application.properties
+		processResources.filesMatching("application.properties") {
+			filter(
+					org.apache.tools.ant.filters.ReplaceTokens,
+					tokens: localProps
+					)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.release-prepare-packages-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.release-prepare-packages-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02204ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.release-prepare-packages-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+
+File releaseBinariesRootDir = rootProject.file(project.findProperty('releaseBinariesRootDir') ?: 'app/build/release-binaries')
+def releaseBinariesSubdirectories = [] as List<File>
+File releaseBinariesZipDir = rootProject.file('app/build/prepared-release-zips')
+
+project.ext.releaseBinariesZipDir = releaseBinariesZipDir
+
+String zipName(File subDir) {
+	def matcher = (subDir.name =~ /^spotless-.*--(?<platform>.*)$/)
+	if (!matcher.matches()) {
+		return subDir.name
+	}
+	def platform = matcher.group('platform')
+	return "spotless-${version}-${platform}"
+}
+
+if (releaseBinariesRootDir.exists()) {
+	// clear output directory
+	def cleanReleaseBinariesZipDir = tasks.register('cleanReleaseBinariesZipDir', Delete) {
+		delete releaseBinariesZipDir
+	}
+
+	// Get all immediate subdirectories
+	releaseBinariesSubdirectories = releaseBinariesRootDir.listFiles()?.findAll { it.isDirectory() } ?: []
+
+	releaseBinariesSubdirectories.each { subDir ->
+		def createZipTaskName = 'prepareReleaseZipBinary_' + subDir.name
+
+		tasks.register(createZipTaskName, Zip) {
+			group = 'prepareReleaseZipBinary'
+			description = "Creates a zip file for the release binary in ${subDir.name}"
+			def zipName = zipName(subDir)
+			dependsOn(cleanReleaseBinariesZipDir)
+			archiveFileName = "${zipName}.zip"
+			destinationDirectory.set(releaseBinariesZipDir)
+
+
+			// file content
+			// 1. add the binary into the zib under folder <zipName>/bin
+			into ("${zipName}/bin") {
+				from subDir
+			}
+
+			// 2. add everything from the distribution template into the zip under folder <zipName>
+			into ("${zipName}") {
+				from "${rootDir}/app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/release-zip"
+			}
+
+			// 3. copy the LICENSE into the zip under folder <zipName>
+			into ("${zipName}") {
+				from "${rootDir}/LICENSE"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// umbrella task
+def prepareReleaseBinaryZips = tasks.register('prepareReleaseBinaryZips') {
+	group = 'prepareReleaseZipBinary'
+	description = 'Creates zip files for all release binaries'
+	dependsOn releaseBinariesSubdirectories.collect { 'prepareReleaseZipBinary_' + it.name }
+	doFirst {
+		if (releaseBinariesSubdirectories.isEmpty()) {
+			logger.lifecycle("No release binaries found in $releaseBinariesRootDir -- wrong configuration for property 'releaseBinariesRootDir'?")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// dynamically wire the prepareReleaseBinaryZips task to the changelogPush task
+tasks.matching { Task t ->
+	t.name == 'changelogPush' && JavaCompile.isInstance(t)
+}.configureEach { Task t ->
+	t.dependsOn(prepareReleaseBinaryZips)
+}
+
+List<String> getPathsOfReleaseBinaryZips() {
+	return [
+		project.ext.releaseBinariesZipDir.path + '/*.zip'
+	]
+}
+
+project.ext {
+	getPathsOfReleaseBinaryZips = this.&getPathsOfReleaseBinaryZips
+}
+
+tasks.register('printPathsOfReleaseBinaryZips') {
+	dependsOn(prepareReleaseBinaryZips)
+	def paths = getPathsOfReleaseBinaryZips().join(' ')
+	doLast {
+		println "paths: $paths"
+	}
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-common-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-common-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..954c67f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-common-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+plugins {
+	id 'com.diffplug.spotless'
+}
+
+spotless {
+	//    ratchetFrom 'origin/main'
+	encoding 'UTF-8'
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-gradle-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-gradle-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb3e999
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-gradle-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+plugins {
+	id 'buildlogic.spotless-common-conventions'
+}
+
+spotless {
+	groovyGradle {
+		greclipse()
+		endWithNewline()
+	}
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-java-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-java-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea84d7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-java-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+plugins {
+	id 'buildlogic.spotless-common-conventions'
+}
+
+spotless {
+	java {
+		palantirJavaFormat()
+		formatAnnotations()
+		removeUnusedImports()
+		importOrder('java|javax', 'org', 'com', 'com.diffplug', '', '\\#')
+		licenseHeaderFile rootProject.file('gradle/spotless.license')
+		endWithNewline()
+	}
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-json-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-json-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27899c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-json-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+plugins {
+	id 'buildlogic.spotless-common-conventions'
+}
+
+spotless {
+	format 'json', {
+		target '.github/**/*.json', '*.json', 'src/**/*.json'
+		prettier()
+	}
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-markdown-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-markdown-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76aaa65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-markdown-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.picocli.usage.DocumentedUsages
+
+plugins {
+	id 'buildlogic.spotless-common-conventions'
+}
+
+spotless {
+	freshmark {
+		// freshmark for keeping markdown files up to date
+		target '*.md'
+		// provide lib versions to freshmark
+		properties(new FreshmarkPropertiesAction(rootProject, project))
+		properties {
+			it.put('changeThisValueToForceCacheMiss', '1f31705c-b1c6-4bce-9831-98881431b721')
+		}
+		prettier() // prettier for markdown formatting
+		endWithNewline()
+	}
+}
+
+class FreshmarkPropertiesAction implements Action<Map<String, Object>> {
+
+	private final Project rootProject
+	private final Project project
+
+	FreshmarkPropertiesAction(Project rootProject, Project project) {
+		this.rootProject = rootProject
+		this.project = project
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	void execute(Map<String, Object> properties) {
+		def versionsCollected = getVersionsCollected()
+		properties.putAll(versionsCollected)
+		def usageHelps = getUsageHelps()
+		properties.putAll(usageHelps)
+	}
+
+	Map<String, String> getVersionsCollected() {
+		Map<String, String> versionsCollected = [:]
+		def nativeVersions = getLibsNativeVersions()
+		versionsCollected.putAll(nativeVersions)
+		def bundledVersions = getBundledVersions()
+		versionsCollected.putAll(bundledVersions)
+		return versionsCollected
+	}
+
+	Map<String, String> getLibsNativeVersions() {
+		def versionCatalog = project.extensions.getByType(VersionCatalogsExtension).named("libs")
+		Map<String, String> versionsCollected = [:]
+		versionCatalog.versionAliases.each {versionAlias ->
+			versionsCollected.put('libs.versions.' + versionAlias, versionCatalog.findVersion(versionAlias).get().toString())
+		}
+		return versionsCollected
+	}
+
+	Map<String, String> getBundledVersions() {
+		Map<String, String> versionsCollected = [:]
+		versionsCollected.put('libs.versions.bundled.prettier', com.diffplug.spotless.npm.PrettierFormatterStep.DEFAULT_VERSION)
+		return versionsCollected
+	}
+
+	Map<String, Object> getUsageHelps() {
+		Map<String, Object> usageHelps = [:]
+		File outputDir = rootProject.file("app/build/generated-usages")
+
+		DocumentedUsages.values().each { usage ->
+			File usageFile = new File(outputDir, usage.fileName)
+			usageHelps.put("usage.${usage.formatterStepName}.array".toString(), new UsageHelp(usageFile))
+		}
+		return usageHelps
+	}
+}
+
+
+class UsageHelp implements Serializable {
+
+	private final File usageFile
+
+	UsageHelp(File usageFile) {
+		this.usageFile = usageFile
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	String toString() {
+		if (usageFile.canRead()) {
+			return asJsArrayOfLines(usageFile.readLines())
+		}
+		return '[]'
+	}
+
+
+	private static String asJsArrayOfLines(List<String> lines) {
+		return '[' +
+				lines.collect() { line -> "'${jsEscaped(line)}'" }
+				.join(',\n') +
+				']'
+	}
+
+	private static String jsEscaped(String str) {
+		return str.replace('\\', '\\\\').replace("'", "\\'")
+	}
+}
+
+tasks.named('spotlessFreshmark').configure {
+	it.mustRunAfter(tasks.withType(Test))
+	it.mustRunAfter(project(':app').tasks.withType(Test))
+
+	it.dependsOn(project(':app').tasks.named('generateUsage'))
+	it.inputs.dir('app/build/generated-usages')
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-yaml-conventions.gradle b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-yaml-conventions.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24d0000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/buildlogic.spotless-yaml-conventions.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+plugins {
+	id 'buildlogic.spotless-common-conventions'
+}
+
+spotless {
+	yaml {
+		target '.github/workflows/*.yml', '*.yml'
+		prettier()
+	}
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/cp/ClasspathScanner.groovy b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/cp/ClasspathScanner.groovy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e17506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/cp/ClasspathScanner.groovy
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.cp
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier
+import java.util.function.Predicate
+import java.util.jar.JarFile
+
+import org.gradle.api.file.FileCollection
+
+class ClasspathScanner {
+
+
+	private final FileCollection classpath
+	private final URLClassLoader urlClassLoader
+	private final Predicate<String> classFilter
+
+	ClasspathScanner(FileCollection classpath, Predicate<String> classFilter = { true }) {
+		this.classpath = classpath
+		this.urlClassLoader =new URLClassLoader(classpath.files.collect { it.toURI().toURL() } as URL[])
+		this.classFilter = classFilter
+	}
+
+	private ClasspathScanner(FileCollection classpath, URLClassLoader urlClassLoader, Predicate<String> classFilter) {
+		this.classpath = classpath
+		this.urlClassLoader = urlClassLoader
+		this.classFilter = classFilter
+	}
+
+	ClasspathScanner withClassFilter(Predicate<String> classFilter) {
+		return new ClasspathScanner(classpath, urlClassLoader, classFilter)
+	}
+
+	ClasspathScanner withoutClassFilter() {
+		return new ClasspathScanner(classpath, urlClassLoader, { true })
+	}
+
+	Class<?> loadClass(String className) {
+		return urlClassLoader.loadClass(className)
+	}
+
+	List<Class<?>> findInstancesOf(String targetClassName) {
+		Class<?> targetClass = loadClass(targetClassName)
+
+		def instanceClassNames = []
+
+		urlClassLoader.URLs.each { URL url ->
+			def file = new File(url.toURI())
+			if (file.isDirectory()) {
+				// Scan classes from a directory
+				instanceClassNames.addAll(findClassesInDirectory(file, file, targetClass))
+			} else if (file.name.endsWith('.jar')) {
+				// Scan classes from a JAR
+				instanceClassNames.addAll(findClassesInJar(file, targetClass))
+			}
+		}
+		return instanceClassNames.collect { loadClass(it) }
+	}
+
+
+	private List<String> findClassesInJar(File jarFile, Class targetClass) {
+		List<String> implementationClassNames = []
+		JarFile jar = new JarFile(jarFile)
+
+		jar.entries().each { entry ->
+			if (entry.name.endsWith('.class')) {
+				String className = entry.name.replace('/', '.').replace('.class', '')
+				if (isInstance(className, targetClass)) {
+					implementationClassNames << className
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return implementationClassNames
+	}
+
+	private List<String> findClassesInDirectory(File baseDir, File currentDir, Class targetClass) {
+		List<String> implementationClassNames = []
+
+		currentDir.eachFileRecurse { file ->
+			if (file.isFile() && file.name.endsWith('.class')) {
+				def relativePath = file.absolutePath.substring(baseDir.absolutePath.length() + 1)
+				def className = relativePath.replace(File.separator, '.').replace('.class', '')
+				if (isInstance(className, targetClass)) {
+					implementationClassNames << className
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return implementationClassNames
+	}
+
+	private boolean isInstance(String className, Class targetClass) {
+		if (!classFilter.test(className)) {
+			return false
+		}
+		Class<?> clazz = loadClass(className)
+		return targetClass.isAssignableFrom(clazz) && !clazz.isInterface() && !Modifier.isAbstract(clazz.modifiers)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/io/CopySingleTemplateFileTask.groovy b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/io/CopySingleTemplateFileTask.groovy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d17caba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/io/CopySingleTemplateFileTask.groovy
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.io
+
+import javax.inject.Inject
+
+import org.apache.tools.ant.filters.ReplaceTokens
+import org.gradle.api.DefaultTask
+import org.gradle.api.file.FileSystemOperations
+import org.gradle.api.file.RegularFileProperty
+import org.gradle.api.provider.MapProperty
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.CacheableTask
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.Input
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.InputFile
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.OutputFile
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.PathSensitive
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.PathSensitivity
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskAction
+
+import groovy.transform.CompileStatic
+
+/**
+ * The default copy task snapshots the whole targetDir for up-to-date checks, so
+ * if we copy a single file into the project directory of the root project, the whole project is snapshoted
+ * and so up-to-date checks are not working as expected.
+ * For this case, use a custom task which only snapshots the single file (and tokens).
+ */
+@CacheableTask
+@CompileStatic
+abstract class CopySingleTemplateFileTask extends DefaultTask{
+
+	@InputFile
+	@PathSensitive(PathSensitivity.RELATIVE)
+	abstract RegularFileProperty getTemplate()
+
+	/** Map of token → value.  Use Provider<String> for CC-safety. */
+	@Input
+	abstract MapProperty<String, Object> getTokens()
+
+	@OutputFile
+	final RegularFileProperty outputFile = project.objects.fileProperty()
+
+	@Inject
+	abstract FileSystemOperations getFs()
+
+	@TaskAction
+	void copy() {
+		fs.copy { spec ->
+			spec.from(template)
+			spec.into(outputFile.get().asFile.parentFile)
+			spec.rename { outputFile.get().asFile.name }
+			spec.filter(ReplaceTokens, tokens: tokens.get())
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/picocli/meta/CommandInfoReader.groovy b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/picocli/meta/CommandInfoReader.groovy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..067fefa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/picocli/meta/CommandInfoReader.groovy
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.picocli.meta
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Annotation
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.cp.ClasspathScanner
+
+class CommandInfoReader {
+
+	ClasspathScanner scanner
+
+	CommandInfoReader(ClasspathScanner scanner) {
+		this.scanner = scanner
+	}
+
+	String readCommandName(Class<?> commandClass) {
+		Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass = scanner.loadClass('picocli.CommandLine$Command') as Class<? extends Annotation>
+		Object commandAnnotation = commandClass.getAnnotation(annotationClass)
+		if (commandAnnotation == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Class $commandClass is not annotated with @Command")
+		}
+		String commandName = annotationClass.getMethod("name").invoke(commandAnnotation) as String
+		return commandName
+	}
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/picocli/usage/DocumentedUsages.groovy b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/picocli/usage/DocumentedUsages.groovy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27dcfac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/picocli/usage/DocumentedUsages.groovy
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.picocli.usage
+
+enum DocumentedUsages {
+
+	CLANG_FORMAT(),
+	FORMAT_ANNOTATIONS(),
+	MAIN(""),
+	GOOGLE_JAVA_FORMAT(),
+	LICENSE_HEADER(),
+	PALANTIR_JAVA_FORMAT(),
+	PRETTIER()
+
+	private final String fileName
+
+	private final String formatterStepName
+
+	DocumentedUsages() {
+		this(null)
+	}
+
+	DocumentedUsages(String formatterStepName) {
+		this.formatterStepName = formatterStepName ?: name().toLowerCase().replace('_', '-')
+		this.fileName = "${name().toLowerCase().replace('_', '-')}.spotless.usage.txt"
+	}
+
+	String getFileName() {
+		return fileName
+	}
+
+	String getFormatterStepName() {
+		return formatterStepName
+	}
+
+	static List<String> getFormatterNames() {
+		return values().collect { it.formatterStepName }
+	}
+
+	static List<String> getFileNames() {
+		return values().collect { it.fileName }
+	}
+}
diff --git a/build-logic/src/main/groovy/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/picocli/usage/GenerateUsagePropertiesTask.groovy b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/picocli/usage/GenerateUsagePropertiesTask.groovy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0a8996
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build-logic/src/main/groovy/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/picocli/usage/GenerateUsagePropertiesTask.groovy
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli.picocli.usage
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets
+import javax.inject.Inject
+
+import org.gradle.api.DefaultTask
+import org.gradle.api.file.FileCollection
+import org.gradle.api.plugins.JavaPluginExtension
+import org.gradle.api.provider.Property
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.CacheableTask
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.Classpath
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.Input
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.OutputDirectory
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskAction
+import org.gradle.process.ExecOperations
+import org.gradle.process.ExecResult
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.cp.ClasspathScanner
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.picocli.meta.CommandInfoReader
+
+/**
+ * This task dumps usage helps for the main CLI and all formatters into a file each.
+ */
+@CacheableTask
+abstract class GenerateUsagePropertiesTask extends DefaultTask {
+
+	@Classpath
+	abstract Property<FileCollection> getRuntimeClasspath()
+
+	@Input
+	abstract Property<String> getMainClassName()
+
+	@OutputDirectory
+	abstract Property<File> getOutputDir()
+
+	@Inject
+	abstract ExecOperations getExecOperations()
+
+	GenerateUsagePropertiesTask() {
+		def mainSourceSet = project.getExtensions().getByType(JavaPluginExtension.class).sourceSets.named('main').get()
+		runtimeClasspath.convention(mainSourceSet.runtimeClasspath + mainSourceSet.output)
+		mainClassName.convention("com.diffplug.spotless.cli.SpotlessCLI")
+	}
+
+	@TaskAction
+	void generate() {
+		// remove all files from outputDir if any
+		outputDir.get().deleteDir()
+
+		List<String> formatterNames = DocumentedUsages.formatterNames
+		Map<String, String> formatterUsages = [:]
+		formatterNames.each { formatterName ->
+			formatterUsages.put(formatterName, getUsage(formatterName))
+		}
+
+		formatterUsages.each { formatterName, usage ->
+			writeUsageFile(usage, formatterName)
+		}
+	}
+
+	String getUsage(String formatterName) {
+		ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream()
+		ExecResult result = execOperations.javaexec {
+			it.classpath = runtimeClasspath.get()
+			it.standardOutput = output
+
+			it.mainClass.set(mainClassName.get())
+			it.args(formatterName, "--help")
+		}
+
+		return output.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
+	}
+
+	void writeUsageFile(String usage, String formatterName) {
+		File usageFile = new File(outputDir.get(), "${formatterName}.spotless.usage.txt")
+		usageFile.parentFile.mkdirs()
+		usageFile.withPrintWriter(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString()) { writer ->
+			writer.write(usage)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/build.gradle b/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9a7b28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import com.diffplug.spotless.cli.io.CopySingleTemplateFileTask
+
+plugins {
+	id 'buildlogic.spotless-gradle-conventions'
+	id 'buildlogic.spotless-json-conventions'
+	id 'buildlogic.spotless-markdown-conventions'
+	id 'buildlogic.spotless-yaml-conventions'
+	id 'buildlogic.changelog-conventions'
+}
+
+subprojects {
+	apply plugin: 'buildlogic.spotless-gradle-conventions'
+}
+
+allprojects {
+	repositories {
+		mavenCentral()
+	}
+}
+
+tasks.register("prepareJReleaserConfig", CopySingleTemplateFileTask) {
+	group = "jreleaser"
+	description = "Prepare JReleaser config file"
+
+	Map<String, String> replaceTokens = [
+		'Env.JRELEASER_CHOCOLATEY_USER': System.getenv("JRELEASER_CHOCOLATEY_USER") ?: "",
+	]
+
+	template.set(layout.projectDirectory.file('jreleaser.yml.template'))
+	outputFile.set(layout.projectDirectory.file('jreleaser.yml'))
+	tokens.putAll(replaceTokens)
+}
diff --git a/docs/examples/intro/FormattingExample.java b/docs/examples/intro/FormattingExample.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94365f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/examples/intro/FormattingExample.java
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+public class FormattingExample {
+public static void main(String[] args) {
+    int x=10;
+    int y =  20;
+    if(x<y){
+System.out.println("x is less than y");}
+    else {
+System.out.println("x is greater than or equal to y");
+}
+}
+}
diff --git a/docs/examples/intro/FormattingExample.png b/docs/examples/intro/FormattingExample.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f32a5d
Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/examples/intro/FormattingExample.png differ
diff --git a/docs/examples/intro/FormattingExampleFormatted.java b/docs/examples/intro/FormattingExampleFormatted.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..340afb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/examples/intro/FormattingExampleFormatted.java
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/* (c) DiffPlug 2025 */
+public class FormattingExample {
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    int x = 10;
+    int y = 20;
+    if (x < y) {
+      System.out.println("x is less than y");
+    } else {
+      System.out.println("x is greater than or equal to y");
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/docs/examples/intro/FormattingExampleFormatted.png b/docs/examples/intro/FormattingExampleFormatted.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b17e60a
Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/examples/intro/FormattingExampleFormatted.png differ
diff --git a/docs/examples/intro/HOWTOCREATEIMAGES.md b/docs/examples/intro/HOWTOCREATEIMAGES.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64a126b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/examples/intro/HOWTOCREATEIMAGES.md
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Creating images from example code for README.md
+
+1. Navigate to [carbon.now.sh](https://carbon.now.sh/).
+2. Import the settings:
+   - Click on the gear icon in the top right corner.
+   - Click on "Misc".
+   - Click on the "Import" button.
+   - Select the file `carbon_settings.json` from the `docs/examples/intro` directory.
+
+## Creating an image for the `FormattingExample` class
+1. Copy and paste the code from the `FormattingExample.java` file in the `docs/examples/intro` directory.
+2. Select all the text and click on the "B" button in the top right corner (for bold font).
+3. Click on the Down-Arrow of the "Export" button in the top right corner.
+4. Click on "1x".
+5. Edit the filename to `FormattingExample`.
+6. Click on "Download -> PNG".
+7. Move the downloaded image to the `docs/examples/intro` directory.
+
+## Creating an image for the `FormattingExampleFormatted` class
+1. Copy and paste the code from the `FormattingExampleFormatted.java` file in the `docs/examples/intro` directory.
+2. Select all the text and click on the "B" button in the top right corner (for bold font).
+3. Click on the Down-Arrow of the "Export" button in the top right corner.
+4. Make sure "1x" is selected.
+5. Edit the filename to `FormattingExampleFormatted`.
+6. Click on "Download -> PNG".
+7. Move the downloaded image to the `docs/examples/intro` directory.
diff --git a/docs/examples/intro/carbon-config.json b/docs/examples/intro/carbon-config.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f728f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/examples/intro/carbon-config.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"paddingVertical":"41px","paddingHorizontal":"54px","backgroundImage":null,"backgroundImageSelection":null,"backgroundMode":"color","backgroundColor":"rgba(171,184,195,0)","dropShadow":true,"dropShadowOffsetY":"20px","dropShadowBlurRadius":"68px","theme":"shades-of-purple","windowTheme":"none","language":"text/x-java","fontFamily":"Fira Code","fontSize":"18px","lineHeight":"133%","windowControls":true,"widthAdjustment":true,"lineNumbers":false,"firstLineNumber":1,"exportSize":"1x","watermark":false,"squaredImage":false,"hiddenCharacters":false,"name":"","width":680,"highlights":null}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gradle.properties b/gradle.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24a5976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradle.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+org.gradle.configuration-cache=true
+org.gradle.parallel=true
+org.gradle.caching=true
+
diff --git a/gradle/libs.versions.toml b/gradle/libs.versions.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc0c6ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradle/libs.versions.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+[versions]
+annotations = "26.0.2"
+assertj-core = "3.27.3"
+diff-utils = "1.3.0"
+durian = "1.2.0"
+junit = "5.8.1"
+mockito = "5.17.0"
+native-include-googleJavaFormat = "1.24.0"
+native-include-palantirJavaFormat = "2.61.0"
+picocli = "4.7.6"
+selfie = "2.5.1"
+slf4j = "2.0.17"
+spotless-lib = "3.1.0"
+
+[libraries]
+annotations = { module = "org.jetbrains:annotations", version.ref = "annotations" }
+assertj-core = { module = "org.assertj:assertj-core", version.ref = "assertj-core" }
+diff-utils = { module = "com.googlecode.java-diff-utils:diffutils", version.ref = "diff-utils" }
+durian-core = { module = "com.diffplug.durian:durian-core", version.ref = "durian" }
+durian-io = { module = "com.diffplug.durian:durian-io", version.ref = "durian" }
+durian-collect = { module = "com.diffplug.durian:durian-collect", version.ref = "durian" }
+junit-jupiter-api = { module = "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api", version.ref = "junit" }
+junit-jupiter-engine = { module = "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine", version.ref = "junit" }
+mockito = { module = "org.mockito:mockito-core", version.ref = "mockito" }
+native-include-googleJavaFormat = { module = "com.google.googlejavaformat:google-java-format", version.ref = "native-include-googleJavaFormat" }
+native-include-palantirJavaFormat = { module = "com.palantir.javaformat:palantir-java-format", version.ref = "native-include-palantirJavaFormat" }
+picocli = { module = "info.picocli:picocli", version.ref = "picocli" }
+picocli-codegen = { module = "info.picocli:picocli-codegen", version.ref = "picocli" }
+selfie = { module = "com.diffplug.selfie:selfie-runner-junit5", version.ref = "selfie" }
+slf4j-api = { module = "org.slf4j:slf4j-api", version.ref = "slf4j" }
+slf4j-binding = { module = "org.slf4j:slf4j-jdk14", version.ref = "slf4j" }
+spotless-lib = { module = "com.diffplug.spotless:spotless-lib", version.ref = "spotless-lib" }
+spotless-lib-extra = { module = "com.diffplug.spotless:spotless-lib-extra", version.ref = "spotless-lib" }
+
+[bundles]
+durian-libs = ["durian-core", "durian-io", "durian-collect"]
+native-includes = [
+    "native-include-googleJavaFormat",
+    "native-include-palantirJavaFormat",
+]
+spotless-libs = ["spotless-lib", "spotless-lib-extra"]
+test-libs = ["assertj-core", "junit-jupiter-api", "selfie", "mockito"]
diff --git a/gradle/spotless.license b/gradle/spotless.license
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4064a53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradle/spotless.license
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright $YEAR DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4b76b9
Binary files /dev/null and b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar differ
diff --git a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e18bc25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+distributionPath=wrapper/dists
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.12.1-bin.zip
+networkTimeout=10000
+validateDistributionUrl=true
+zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
diff --git a/gradlew b/gradlew
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f3b75f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradlew
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+#
+# Copyright © 2015-2021 the original authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+#
+
+##############################################################################
+#
+#   Gradle start up script for POSIX generated by Gradle.
+#
+#   Important for running:
+#
+#   (1) You need a POSIX-compliant shell to run this script. If your /bin/sh is
+#       noncompliant, but you have some other compliant shell such as ksh or
+#       bash, then to run this script, type that shell name before the whole
+#       command line, like:
+#
+#           ksh Gradle
+#
+#       Busybox and similar reduced shells will NOT work, because this script
+#       requires all of these POSIX shell features:
+#         * functions;
+#         * expansions «$var», «${var}», «${var:-default}», «${var+SET}»,
+#           «${var#prefix}», «${var%suffix}», and «$( cmd )»;
+#         * compound commands having a testable exit status, especially «case»;
+#         * various built-in commands including «command», «set», and «ulimit».
+#
+#   Important for patching:
+#
+#   (2) This script targets any POSIX shell, so it avoids extensions provided
+#       by Bash, Ksh, etc; in particular arrays are avoided.
+#
+#       The "traditional" practice of packing multiple parameters into a
+#       space-separated string is a well documented source of bugs and security
+#       problems, so this is (mostly) avoided, by progressively accumulating
+#       options in "$@", and eventually passing that to Java.
+#
+#       Where the inherited environment variables (DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS,
+#       and GRADLE_OPTS) rely on word-splitting, this is performed explicitly;
+#       see the in-line comments for details.
+#
+#       There are tweaks for specific operating systems such as AIX, CygWin,
+#       Darwin, MinGW, and NonStop.
+#
+#   (3) This script is generated from the Groovy template
+#       https://github.com/gradle/gradle/blob/HEAD/platforms/jvm/plugins-application/src/main/resources/org/gradle/api/internal/plugins/unixStartScript.txt
+#       within the Gradle project.
+#
+#       You can find Gradle at https://github.com/gradle/gradle/.
+#
+##############################################################################
+
+# Attempt to set APP_HOME
+
+# Resolve links: $0 may be a link
+app_path=$0
+
+# Need this for daisy-chained symlinks.
+while
+    APP_HOME=${app_path%"${app_path##*/}"}  # leaves a trailing /; empty if no leading path
+    [ -h "$app_path" ]
+do
+    ls=$( ls -ld "$app_path" )
+    link=${ls#*' -> '}
+    case $link in             #(
+      /*)   app_path=$link ;; #(
+      *)    app_path=$APP_HOME$link ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+# This is normally unused
+# shellcheck disable=SC2034
+APP_BASE_NAME=${0##*/}
+# Discard cd standard output in case $CDPATH is set (https://github.com/gradle/gradle/issues/25036)
+APP_HOME=$( cd -P "${APP_HOME:-./}" > /dev/null && printf '%s\n' "$PWD" ) || exit
+
+# Use the maximum available, or set MAX_FD != -1 to use that value.
+MAX_FD=maximum
+
+warn () {
+    echo "$*"
+} >&2
+
+die () {
+    echo
+    echo "$*"
+    echo
+    exit 1
+} >&2
+
+# OS specific support (must be 'true' or 'false').
+cygwin=false
+msys=false
+darwin=false
+nonstop=false
+case "$( uname )" in                #(
+  CYGWIN* )         cygwin=true  ;; #(
+  Darwin* )         darwin=true  ;; #(
+  MSYS* | MINGW* )  msys=true    ;; #(
+  NONSTOP* )        nonstop=true ;;
+esac
+
+CLASSPATH=$APP_HOME/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
+
+
+# Determine the Java command to use to start the JVM.
+if [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] ; then
+    if [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" ] ; then
+        # IBM's JDK on AIX uses strange locations for the executables
+        JAVACMD=$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java
+    else
+        JAVACMD=$JAVA_HOME/bin/java
+    fi
+    if [ ! -x "$JAVACMD" ] ; then
+        die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: $JAVA_HOME
+
+Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+location of your Java installation."
+    fi
+else
+    JAVACMD=java
+    if ! command -v java >/dev/null 2>&1
+    then
+        die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
+
+Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
+location of your Java installation."
+    fi
+fi
+
+# Increase the maximum file descriptors if we can.
+if ! "$cygwin" && ! "$darwin" && ! "$nonstop" ; then
+    case $MAX_FD in #(
+      max*)
+        # In POSIX sh, ulimit -H is undefined. That's why the result is checked to see if it worked.
+        # shellcheck disable=SC2039,SC3045
+        MAX_FD=$( ulimit -H -n ) ||
+            warn "Could not query maximum file descriptor limit"
+    esac
+    case $MAX_FD in  #(
+      '' | soft) :;; #(
+      *)
+        # In POSIX sh, ulimit -n is undefined. That's why the result is checked to see if it worked.
+        # shellcheck disable=SC2039,SC3045
+        ulimit -n "$MAX_FD" ||
+            warn "Could not set maximum file descriptor limit to $MAX_FD"
+    esac
+fi
+
+# Collect all arguments for the java command, stacking in reverse order:
+#   * args from the command line
+#   * the main class name
+#   * -classpath
+#   * -D...appname settings
+#   * --module-path (only if needed)
+#   * DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, and GRADLE_OPTS environment variables.
+
+# For Cygwin or MSYS, switch paths to Windows format before running java
+if "$cygwin" || "$msys" ; then
+    APP_HOME=$( cygpath --path --mixed "$APP_HOME" )
+    CLASSPATH=$( cygpath --path --mixed "$CLASSPATH" )
+
+    JAVACMD=$( cygpath --unix "$JAVACMD" )
+
+    # Now convert the arguments - kludge to limit ourselves to /bin/sh
+    for arg do
+        if
+            case $arg in                                #(
+              -*)   false ;;                            # don't mess with options #(
+              /?*)  t=${arg#/} t=/${t%%/*}              # looks like a POSIX filepath
+                    [ -e "$t" ] ;;                      #(
+              *)    false ;;
+            esac
+        then
+            arg=$( cygpath --path --ignore --mixed "$arg" )
+        fi
+        # Roll the args list around exactly as many times as the number of
+        # args, so each arg winds up back in the position where it started, but
+        # possibly modified.
+        #
+        # NB: a `for` loop captures its iteration list before it begins, so
+        # changing the positional parameters here affects neither the number of
+        # iterations, nor the values presented in `arg`.
+        shift                   # remove old arg
+        set -- "$@" "$arg"      # push replacement arg
+    done
+fi
+
+
+# Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
+DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS='"-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"'
+
+# Collect all arguments for the java command:
+#   * DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, and optsEnvironmentVar are not allowed to contain shell fragments,
+#     and any embedded shellness will be escaped.
+#   * For example: A user cannot expect ${Hostname} to be expanded, as it is an environment variable and will be
+#     treated as '${Hostname}' itself on the command line.
+
+set -- \
+        "-Dorg.gradle.appname=$APP_BASE_NAME" \
+        -classpath "$CLASSPATH" \
+        org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain \
+        "$@"
+
+# Stop when "xargs" is not available.
+if ! command -v xargs >/dev/null 2>&1
+then
+    die "xargs is not available"
+fi
+
+# Use "xargs" to parse quoted args.
+#
+# With -n1 it outputs one arg per line, with the quotes and backslashes removed.
+#
+# In Bash we could simply go:
+#
+#   readarray ARGS < <( xargs -n1 <<<"$var" ) &&
+#   set -- "${ARGS[@]}" "$@"
+#
+# but POSIX shell has neither arrays nor command substitution, so instead we
+# post-process each arg (as a line of input to sed) to backslash-escape any
+# character that might be a shell metacharacter, then use eval to reverse
+# that process (while maintaining the separation between arguments), and wrap
+# the whole thing up as a single "set" statement.
+#
+# This will of course break if any of these variables contains a newline or
+# an unmatched quote.
+#
+
+eval "set -- $(
+        printf '%s\n' "$DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS $JAVA_OPTS $GRADLE_OPTS" |
+        xargs -n1 |
+        sed ' s~[^-[:alnum:]+,./:=@_]~\\&~g; ' |
+        tr '\n' ' '
+    )" '"$@"'
+
+exec "$JAVACMD" "$@"
diff --git a/gradlew.bat b/gradlew.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d21a21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gradlew.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+@rem
+@rem Copyright 2015 the original author or authors.
+@rem
+@rem Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+@rem you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+@rem You may obtain a copy of the License at
+@rem
+@rem      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+@rem
+@rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+@rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+@rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+@rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+@rem limitations under the License.
+@rem
+@rem SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+@rem
+
+@if "%DEBUG%"=="" @echo off
+@rem ##########################################################################
+@rem
+@rem  Gradle startup script for Windows
+@rem
+@rem ##########################################################################
+
+@rem Set local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
+if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" setlocal
+
+set DIRNAME=%~dp0
+if "%DIRNAME%"=="" set DIRNAME=.
+@rem This is normally unused
+set APP_BASE_NAME=%~n0
+set APP_HOME=%DIRNAME%
+
+@rem Resolve any "." and ".." in APP_HOME to make it shorter.
+for %%i in ("%APP_HOME%") do set APP_HOME=%%~fi
+
+@rem Add default JVM options here. You can also use JAVA_OPTS and GRADLE_OPTS to pass JVM options to this script.
+set DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS="-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"
+
+@rem Find java.exe
+if defined JAVA_HOME goto findJavaFromJavaHome
+
+set JAVA_EXE=java.exe
+%JAVA_EXE% -version >NUL 2>&1
+if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto execute
+
+echo. 1>&2
+echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH. 1>&2
+echo. 1>&2
+echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the 1>&2
+echo location of your Java installation. 1>&2
+
+goto fail
+
+:findJavaFromJavaHome
+set JAVA_HOME=%JAVA_HOME:"=%
+set JAVA_EXE=%JAVA_HOME%/bin/java.exe
+
+if exist "%JAVA_EXE%" goto execute
+
+echo. 1>&2
+echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: %JAVA_HOME% 1>&2
+echo. 1>&2
+echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the 1>&2
+echo location of your Java installation. 1>&2
+
+goto fail
+
+:execute
+@rem Setup the command line
+
+set CLASSPATH=%APP_HOME%\gradle\wrapper\gradle-wrapper.jar
+
+
+@rem Execute Gradle
+"%JAVA_EXE%" %DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS% %JAVA_OPTS% %GRADLE_OPTS% "-Dorg.gradle.appname=%APP_BASE_NAME%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain %*
+
+:end
+@rem End local scope for the variables with windows NT shell
+if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto mainEnd
+
+:fail
+rem Set variable GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE if you need the _script_ return code instead of
+rem the _cmd.exe /c_ return code!
+set EXIT_CODE=%ERRORLEVEL%
+if %EXIT_CODE% equ 0 set EXIT_CODE=1
+if not ""=="%GRADLE_EXIT_CONSOLE%" exit %EXIT_CODE%
+exit /b %EXIT_CODE%
+
+:mainEnd
+if "%OS%"=="Windows_NT" endlocal
+
+:omega
diff --git a/jreleaser.yml.template b/jreleaser.yml.template
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc8dd32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jreleaser.yml.template
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+---
+project:
+  name: "Spotless CLI"
+  description: "Keep your code Spotless from the command line"
+  longDescription: |
+    Spotless CLI is a command line tool that helps you keep your code Spotless.
+    It is a standalone tool that can be used in any project, regardless of the build system.
+    Or even without any build system at all, just once, or when you are working on a single file.
+  links:
+    homepage: https://github.com/diffplug/spotless-cli
+  license: Apache-2.0
+  copyright: DiffPlug
+  authors:
+    - DiffPlug
+  inceptionYear: "2025"
+
+distributions:
+  spotless-cli:
+    stereotype: CLI
+    type: BINARY
+    executable:
+      name: spotless
+    tags:
+      - spotless
+      - formatter
+      - code-style
+
+    artifacts:
+      - path: app/build/prepared-release-zips/spotless-{{projectVersion}}-osx-aarch_64.zip
+        platform: osx-aarch_64
+      - path: app/build/prepared-release-zips/spotless-{{projectVersion}}-osx-x86_64.zip
+        platform: osx-x86_64
+      - path: app/build/prepared-release-zips/spotless-{{projectVersion}}-linux-aarch_64.zip
+        platform: linux-aarch_64
+      - path: app/build/prepared-release-zips/spotless-{{projectVersion}}-linux-x86_64.zip
+        platform: linux-x86_64
+      - path: app/build/prepared-release-zips/spotless-{{projectVersion}}-windows-x86_64.zip
+        platform: windows-x86_64
+
+    brew:
+      templateDirectory: app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/brew
+      multiPlatform: true
+
+    chocolatey:
+      templateDirectory: app/src/jreleaser/distributions/spotless-cli/chocolatey
+      username: @Env.JRELEASER_CHOCOLATEY_USER@ # does not support name templates, so use gradle templating
diff --git a/settings.gradle b/settings.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e266169
--- /dev/null
+++ b/settings.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ *
+ * The settings file is used to specify which projects to include in your build.
+ * For more detailed information on multi-project builds, please refer to https://docs.gradle.org/8.12.1/userguide/multi_project_builds.html in the Gradle documentation.
+ * This project uses @Incubating APIs which are subject to change.
+ */
+
+pluginManagement {
+	// Include 'plugins build' to define convention plugins.
+	includeBuild('build-logic')
+
+	repositories {
+		mavenCentral()
+		gradlePluginPortal()
+	}
+}
+
+plugins {
+	// https://github.com/diffplug/spotless/blob/main/plugin-gradle/CHANGES.md
+	id 'com.diffplug.spotless' version '7.0.2' apply false
+
+	// https://github.com/diffplug/spotless-changelog/blob/main/README.md
+	id 'com.diffplug.spotless-changelog' version '3.1.2' apply false
+
+	// https://github.com/radarsh/gradle-test-logger-plugin/blob/develop/CHANGELOG.md
+	id 'com.adarshr.test-logger' version '4.0.0' apply false
+
+	// https://github.com/graalvm/native-build-tools/releases
+	id 'org.graalvm.buildtools.native' version '0.10.5' apply false
+
+	// https://github.com/GradleUp/shadow/releases
+	id 'com.gradleup.shadow' version '8.3.6' apply false
+}
+
+rootProject.name = 'spotless-cli'
+include('app', 'testlib')
diff --git a/testlib/build.gradle b/testlib/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..163c010
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+plugins {
+	id 'buildlogic.java-testlibrary-conventions'
+}
+
+dependencies {
+	implementation libs.bundles.test.libs
+	implementation libs.bundles.durian.libs
+	implementation libs.picocli
+}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/ResourceHarness.java b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/ResourceHarness.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98f699d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/ResourceHarness.java
@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016-2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;
+
+import org.assertj.core.api.AbstractCharSequenceAssert;
+import org.assertj.core.util.CheckReturnValue;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
+
+import com.diffplug.common.base.Errors;
+import com.diffplug.common.io.Resources;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+public class ResourceHarness {
+    /**
+     * On OS X, the temp folder is a symlink,
+     * and some of gradle's stuff breaks symlinks.
+     * By only accessing it through the {@link #rootFolder()}
+     * and {@link #newFile(String)} apis, we can guarantee there
+     * will be no symlink problems.
+     */
+    @TempDir
+    File folderDontUseDirectly;
+
+    SelfieExpectations selfieExpectations;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void initSelfie() {
+        selfieExpectations = SelfieExpectations.create(rootFolder());
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the root folder (canonicalized to fix OS X issue) */
+    public File rootFolder() {
+        return Errors.rethrow().get(() -> folderDontUseDirectly.getCanonicalFile());
+    }
+
+    /** Returns a new child of the root folder. */
+    public File newFile(String subpath) {
+        return new File(rootFolder(), subpath);
+    }
+
+    /** Creates and returns a new child-folder of the root folder. */
+    public File newFolder(String subpath) throws IOException {
+        File targetDir = newFile(subpath);
+        if (!targetDir.mkdir()) {
+            throw new IOException("Failed to create " + targetDir);
+        }
+        return targetDir;
+    }
+
+    public SelfieExpectations selfie() {
+        return selfieExpectations;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * List the resources found in the specified path (directory) on the classpath
+     * @param path - absolute path using unix-style file separators (if it is relative, it will be made absolute before class path scanning)
+     * @return the list of resources in that directory on the classpath, unix-style file separators
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    public List<String> listTestResources(String path) throws IOException {
+        // add leading slash if required, otherwise resources won't be found
+        if (!path.startsWith("/")) {
+            path = path + "/";
+        }
+        List<String> filenames = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        try (InputStream in = ResourceHarness.class.getResourceAsStream(path)) {
+            if (in == null) {
+                if (new File(path).isAbsolute()) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(String.format("Resource not found in classpath: '%s'", path));
+                } else {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(
+                            String.format("Resource not found in classpath: '%s' - did you mean '/%1$s'?", path));
+                }
+            }
+            try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in, StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
+                String resource;
+                while ((resource = br.readLine()) != null) {
+                    filenames.add(resource);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return filenames;
+    }
+
+    public String relativeToRoot(String path) {
+        return new File(path).toPath().relativize(rootFolder().toPath()).toString();
+    }
+
+    public String read(String path) throws IOException {
+        return read(newFile(path).toPath(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    }
+
+    public String read(Path path, Charset encoding) throws IOException {
+        return new String(Files.readAllBytes(path), encoding);
+    }
+
+    public void replace(String path, String toReplace, String replaceWith) throws IOException {
+        String before = read(path);
+        String after = before.replace(toReplace, replaceWith);
+        if (before.equals(after)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Replace was ineffective! '" + toReplace + "' was not found in " + path);
+        }
+        setFile(path).toContent(after);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the contents of the given file from the src/test/resources directory. */
+    public static String getTestResource(String filename) {
+        Optional<URL> resourceUrl = getTestResourceUrl(filename);
+        if (resourceUrl.isPresent()) {
+            return ThrowingEx.get(
+                    () -> LineEnding.toUnix(Resources.toString(resourceUrl.get(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
+        }
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("No such resource " + filename);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean existsTestResource(String filename) {
+        return getTestResourceUrl(filename).isPresent();
+    }
+
+    private static Optional<URL> getTestResourceUrl(String filename) {
+        URL url = ResourceHarness.class.getResource("/" + filename);
+        return Optional.ofNullable(url);
+    }
+
+    /** Returns Files (in a temporary folder) which has the contents of the given file from the src/test/resources directory. */
+    public List<File> createTestFiles(String... filenames) {
+        List<File> files = new ArrayList<>(filenames.length);
+        for (String filename : filenames) {
+            files.add(createTestFile(filename));
+        }
+        return files;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns a File (in a temporary folder) which has the contents of the given file from the src/test/resources directory. */
+    public File createTestFile(String filename) {
+        return createTestFile(filename, UnaryOperator.identity());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a File (in a temporary folder) which has the contents, possibly processed, of the given file from the
+     * src/test/resources directory.
+     */
+    public File createTestFile(String filename, UnaryOperator<String> fileContentsProcessor) {
+        int lastSlash = filename.lastIndexOf('/');
+        String name = lastSlash >= 0 ? filename.substring(lastSlash) : filename;
+        File file = newFile(name);
+        file.getParentFile().mkdirs();
+        ThrowingEx.run(() -> Files.write(
+                file.toPath(),
+                fileContentsProcessor.apply(getTestResource(filename)).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
+        return file;
+    }
+
+    @CheckReturnValue
+    public ReadAsserter assertFile(String path) {
+        return new ReadAsserter(newFile(path));
+    }
+
+    @CheckReturnValue
+    public ReadAsserter assertFile(File file) {
+        return new ReadAsserter(file);
+    }
+
+    public static class ReadAsserter {
+        private final File file;
+
+        private ReadAsserter(File file) {
+            this.file = file;
+        }
+
+        public void hasContent(String expected) {
+            hasContent(expected, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        }
+
+        public void hasNotContent(String notExpected) {
+            notHasContent(notExpected, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        }
+
+        public void hasContent(String expected, Charset charset) {
+            assertThat(file).usingCharset(charset).hasContent(expected);
+        }
+
+        public void notHasContent(String notExpected, Charset charset) {
+            assertThat(file).usingCharset(charset).content().isNotEqualTo(notExpected);
+        }
+
+        public void hasLines(String... lines) {
+            hasContent(String.join("\n", Arrays.asList(lines)));
+        }
+
+        public void sameAsResource(String resource) {
+            hasContent(getTestResource(resource));
+        }
+
+        public void notSameSasResource(String resource) {
+            hasNotContent(getTestResource(resource));
+        }
+
+        public void matches(Consumer<AbstractCharSequenceAssert<?, String>> conditions) throws IOException {
+            String content = new String(Files.readAllBytes(file.toPath()), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+            conditions.accept(assertThat(content));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public WriteAsserter setFile(String path) {
+        return new WriteAsserter(newFile(path));
+    }
+
+    public static class WriteAsserter {
+        private File file;
+
+        private WriteAsserter(File file) {
+            file.getParentFile().mkdirs();
+            this.file = file;
+        }
+
+        public WriteAsserter toLines(String... lines) {
+            return toContent(String.join("\n", Arrays.asList(lines)));
+        }
+
+        public WriteAsserter toContent(String content) {
+            return toContent(content, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        }
+
+        public WriteAsserter toContent(String content, Charset charset) {
+            ThrowingEx.run(() -> {
+                Files.write(file.toPath(), content.getBytes(charset));
+            });
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public WriteAsserter toResource(String path) {
+            ThrowingEx.run(() -> {
+                Files.write(file.toPath(), getTestResource(path).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+            });
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public WriteAsserter deleted() throws IOException {
+            Files.delete(file.toPath());
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public WriteAsserter makeExecutable() {
+            if (!file.setExecutable(true)) {
+                throw ThrowingEx.asRuntime(new IOException("Failed to set executable flag on " + file));
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public File getFile() {
+            return file;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/SelfieExpectations.java b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/SelfieExpectations.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c821e66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/SelfieExpectations.java
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+import com.diffplug.selfie.Camera;
+import com.diffplug.selfie.Selfie;
+import com.diffplug.selfie.Snapshot;
+import com.diffplug.selfie.StringSelfie;
+
+public class SelfieExpectations {
+
+    @NotNull private final File rootFolder;
+
+    private SelfieExpectations(@NotNull File rootFolder) {
+        this.rootFolder = Objects.requireNonNull(rootFolder);
+    }
+
+    public static SelfieExpectations create(@NotNull File rootFolder) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(rootFolder);
+        if (!rootFolder.isDirectory()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Root folder must be a directory: " + rootFolder);
+        }
+        return new SelfieExpectations(rootFolder);
+    }
+
+    private static final Camera<Resource> RESOURCE_CAMERA = (Resource resource) -> {
+        File file = new File(resource.rootFolder(), resource.resourcePath());
+        if (!file.exists()) {
+            return Snapshot.of("");
+        }
+        return Snapshot.of(ThrowingEx.get(() -> Files.readString(file.toPath())));
+    };
+
+    record Resource(File rootFolder, String resourcePath) {}
+
+    public StringSelfie expectResource(String resourcePath) {
+        return Selfie.expectSelfie(new Resource(rootFolder, resourcePath), RESOURCE_CAMERA);
+    }
+
+    public StringSelfie expectFile(File file) {
+        return Selfie.expectSelfie(new Resource(file.getParentFile(), file.getName()), RESOURCE_CAMERA);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/CLIIntegrationHarness.java b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/CLIIntegrationHarness.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cb8cd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/CLIIntegrationHarness.java
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.EnabledIf;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.ResourceHarness;
+
+@EnabledIf("testEnvIsMatching")
+public abstract class CLIIntegrationHarness extends ResourceHarness {
+    protected static final String SYSPROP_CLI_NATIVE =
+            SpotlessCLIRunnerInNativeExternalProcess.SPOTLESS_CLI_NATIVE_IMAGE_SYSPROP;
+    protected static final String SYSPROP_CLI_SHADOW_JAR =
+            SpotlessCLIRunnerInExternalJavaProcess.SPOTLESS_CLI_SHADOW_JAR_SYSPROP;
+    protected static final String SYSPROP_CLI_IN_SAME_THREAD =
+            SpotlessCLIRunnerInSameThread.SPOTLESS_CLI_IN_SAME_THREAD;
+
+    protected static final Set<String> SYS_PROPS =
+            Set.of(SYSPROP_CLI_NATIVE, SYSPROP_CLI_SHADOW_JAR, SYSPROP_CLI_IN_SAME_THREAD);
+
+    /**
+     * Each test gets its own temp folder, and we create a gradle
+     * build there and run it.
+     * <p>
+     * Because those test folders don't have a .gitattributes file,
+     * git (on windows) will default to \r\n. So now if you read a
+     * test file from the spotless test resources, and compare it
+     * to a build result, the line endings won't match.
+     * <p>
+     * By sticking this .gitattributes file into the test directory,
+     * we ensure that the default Spotless line endings policy of
+     * GIT_ATTRIBUTES will use \n, so that tests match the test
+     * resources on win and linux.
+     */
+    @BeforeEach
+    void gitAttributes() throws IOException {
+        setFile(".gitattributes").toContent("* text eol=lf");
+    }
+
+    protected SpotlessCLIRunner cliRunner() {
+        return createRunnerBasedOnSysprop().withWorkingDir(rootFolder());
+    }
+
+    protected SpotlessCLIRunner createRunnerBasedOnSysprop() {
+        if (System.getProperties().containsKey(SYSPROP_CLI_NATIVE)) {
+            return SpotlessCLIRunner.createNative();
+        }
+        if (System.getProperties().containsKey(SYSPROP_CLI_SHADOW_JAR)) {
+            return SpotlessCLIRunner.createExternalProcess();
+        }
+        if (System.getProperties().containsKey(SYSPROP_CLI_IN_SAME_THREAD)) {
+            return SpotlessCLIRunner.create();
+        }
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Runner created without specifying mode, this is a setup issue.");
+    }
+
+    static boolean testEnvIsMatching() {
+        return SYS_PROPS.stream().anyMatch(p -> System.getProperties().containsKey(p));
+    }
+
+    protected static boolean isInExternalProcess() {
+        return Stream.of(SYSPROP_CLI_NATIVE, SYSPROP_CLI_SHADOW_JAR)
+                .anyMatch(p -> System.getProperties().containsKey(p));
+    }
+
+    protected static boolean isInSameThread() {
+        return System.getProperties().containsKey(SYSPROP_CLI_IN_SAME_THREAD);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/ForeignExeMock.java b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/ForeignExeMock.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3bf372
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/ForeignExeMock.java
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+public class ForeignExeMock {
+
+    enum TargetOs {
+        WINDOWS {
+            @Override
+            protected ForeignExeMockWriter mockWriter(PrintWriter output, String name) {
+                return new WindowsForeignExeMockWriter(output, "output written by " + name);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected String asFileName(String name) {
+                return name + ".bat";
+            }
+        },
+        UNIX {
+            @Override
+            protected ForeignExeMockWriter mockWriter(PrintWriter output, String name) {
+                return new UnixForeignExeMockWriter(output, "output written by " + name);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            protected String asFileName(String name) {
+                return name;
+            }
+        };
+
+        static TargetOs current() {
+            if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("win")) {
+                return WINDOWS;
+            } else {
+                return UNIX;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected abstract ForeignExeMockWriter mockWriter(PrintWriter output, String name);
+
+        protected abstract String asFileName(String name);
+    }
+
+    private final String name;
+
+    private final String content;
+
+    private final TargetOs targetOs;
+
+    private ForeignExeMock(@NotNull String name, @NotNull String content, @NotNull TargetOs targetOs) {
+        this.name = Objects.requireNonNull(name);
+        this.content = Objects.requireNonNull(content);
+        this.targetOs = Objects.requireNonNull(targetOs);
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public String getContent() {
+        return content;
+    }
+
+    public String getFileName() {
+        return targetOs.asFileName(name);
+    }
+
+    public static Builder builder(@NotNull String name, @NotNull String version) {
+        return new Builder(Objects.requireNonNull(name), Objects.requireNonNull(version));
+    }
+
+    public static class Builder {
+        @NotNull private final String name;
+
+        @NotNull private final String version;
+
+        private int exitCode = 0;
+
+        private final Map<String, String> stringReturningOptions = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+        private final Map<String, List<String>> stringConsumingOptions = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+        private boolean readFromStdin = false;
+
+        private boolean writeToStdout = false;
+
+        private Builder(@NotNull String name, @NotNull String version) {
+            this.name = Objects.requireNonNull(name);
+            this.version = Objects.requireNonNull(version);
+        }
+
+        @NotNull public Builder exitCode(int exitCode) {
+            this.exitCode = exitCode;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        @NotNull public Builder withStringReturningOption(@NotNull String optionName, @NotNull String returnValue) {
+            stringReturningOptions.put(Objects.requireNonNull(optionName), Objects.requireNonNull(returnValue));
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        @NotNull public Builder withStringConsumingOption(@NotNull String optionName) {
+            stringConsumingOptions.put(Objects.requireNonNull(optionName), List.of());
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        @NotNull public Builder withStringConsumingOption(@NotNull String optionName, @NotNull List<String> values) {
+            stringConsumingOptions.put(Objects.requireNonNull(optionName), Objects.requireNonNull(values));
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        @NotNull public Builder withReadFromStdin() {
+            this.readFromStdin = true;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        @NotNull public Builder withWriteToStdout() {
+            this.writeToStdout = true;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        private Map<String, String> optionDefaults() {
+            Map<String, String> defaults = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+            stringConsumingOptions.forEach((k, v) -> defaults.put(k, ""));
+            return defaults;
+        }
+
+        private String content(TargetOs os, String name) {
+            try (StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
+                    PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(stringWriter)) {
+                ForeignExeMockWriter writer = os.mockWriter(printWriter, name);
+                writer = writer.writeIntro(optionDefaults())
+                        .writeOptionParserIntro()
+                        .writeStringReturningOption("--version", "version " + version);
+                for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : stringReturningOptions.entrySet()) {
+                    writer = writer.writeStringReturningOption(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+                }
+
+                for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : stringConsumingOptions.entrySet()) {
+                    if (entry.getValue().isEmpty()) {
+                        writer = writer.writeStringConsumingOption(entry.getKey());
+                    } else {
+                        writer = writer.writeStringConsumingOption(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                writer = writer.writeOptionParserOutro();
+
+                if (readFromStdin) {
+                    writer = writer.writeReadFromStdin();
+                }
+                if (writeToStdout) {
+                    writer = writer.writeWriteToStdout();
+                }
+                writer = writer.writeExitCode(exitCode);
+                return stringWriter.toString();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ForeignExeMock build() {
+            return build(TargetOs.current());
+        }
+
+        ForeignExeMock build(TargetOs os) {
+            return new ForeignExeMock(name, content(os, name), os);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private interface ForeignExeMockWriter {
+        ForeignExeMockWriter writeIntro(@NotNull Map<String, String> optionDefaults);
+
+        ForeignExeMockWriter writeStringReturningOption(String optionName, @NotNull String optionValue);
+
+        ForeignExeMockWriter writeStringConsumingOption(String optionName);
+
+        ForeignExeMockWriter writeStringConsumingOption(String optionName, @NotNull List<String> validValues);
+
+        ForeignExeMockWriter writeReadFromStdin();
+
+        ForeignExeMockWriter writeWriteToStdout();
+
+        ForeignExeMockWriter writeExitCode(int exitCode);
+
+        ForeignExeMockWriter writeOptionParserIntro();
+
+        ForeignExeMockWriter writeOptionParserOutro();
+    }
+
+    private static class UnixForeignExeMockWriter implements ForeignExeMockWriter {
+
+        private final PrintWriter output;
+        private final String constantOut; // text we always emit to stdout
+
+        UnixForeignExeMockWriter(@NotNull PrintWriter output, @NotNull String constantOut) {
+            this.output = Objects.requireNonNull(output);
+            this.constantOut = Objects.requireNonNull(constantOut);
+        }
+
+        private String asVarName(String optionName) {
+            return optionName.replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z0-9]", "_");
+        }
+
+        /* ───────────────────────── intro ───────────────────────── */
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeIntro(@NotNull Map<String, String> optionDefaults) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(optionDefaults);
+            output.println("#!/usr/bin/env bash");
+            output.println("set -euo pipefail");
+            output.println();
+            optionDefaults.forEach((k, v) -> output.printf("%s=\"%s\"%n", asVarName(k), v));
+            output.println();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeOptionParserIntro() {
+            output.println("while [[ \"$#\" -gt 0 ]]; do");
+            output.println("  case \"$1\" in");
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeStringReturningOption(String optionName, @NotNull String optionValue) {
+            output.printf("    %s)\n", optionName);
+            output.printf("      echo \"%s\"\n", optionValue);
+            output.println("      exit 0");
+            output.println("      ;;");
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeStringConsumingOption(String optionName) {
+            output.printf("    %s=*)\n", optionName);
+            output.printf("      %s=\"${1#%s=}\"\n", asVarName(optionName), optionName);
+            output.println("      shift");
+            output.println("      ;;");
+            output.printf("    %s)\n", optionName);
+            output.printf("      %s=\"$2\"\n", asVarName(optionName));
+            output.println("      shift 2");
+            output.println("      ;;");
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeStringConsumingOption(String optionName, @NotNull List<String> validValues) {
+            // same as above, but with a list of valid values which are checked and failed if wrong
+            output.println("# check for --x=y writing variant");
+            output.printf("    %s=*)\n", optionName);
+            output.printf("      %s=\"${1#%s=}\"\n", asVarName(optionName), optionName);
+            writeValidValuesSubCheck(optionName, validValues);
+            output.println("      shift");
+            output.println("      ;;");
+            output.println("#check for --x y writing variant");
+            output.printf("    %s)\n", optionName);
+            output.printf("      %s=\"$2\"\n", asVarName(optionName));
+            writeValidValuesSubCheck(optionName, validValues);
+            output.println("      shift 2");
+            output.println("      ;;");
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        private void writeValidValuesSubCheck(String optionName, @NotNull List<String> validValues) {
+            output.printf("      case \"$%s\" in\n", asVarName(optionName));
+            output.printf("        %s)\n", validValues.stream().collect(Collectors.joining("|")));
+            output.println("          ;;");
+            output.println("        *)");
+            output.printf("          echo \"Unknown %s: $2\"\n", asVarName(optionName));
+            output.println("          exit 1");
+            output.println("          ;;");
+            output.println("      esac");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeOptionParserOutro() {
+            output.println("    *)");
+            output.println("      echo \"Unknown parameter: $1\"");
+            output.println("      exit 1");
+            output.println("      ;;");
+            output.println("  esac");
+            output.println("done");
+            output.println();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /* ─────────────────── stdin → /dev/null (drain) ─────────────────── */
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeReadFromStdin() {
+            output.println("# consume everything the caller pipes into us -------------");
+            output.println("cat > /dev/null");
+            output.println();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /* ─────────────── constant text → stdout ─────────────── */
+        /** Quote a literal for POSIX shells using single‑quotes. */
+        private static String shQuote(String s) {
+            // close quote, insert escaped single‑quote, reopen quote:  '  -->  '\''
+            return "'" + s.replace("'", "'\"'\"'") + "'";
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeWriteToStdout() {
+            output.printf("echo %s%n", shQuote(constantOut));
+            output.println();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /* ─────────────────────── exit ─────────────────────── */
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeExitCode(int exitCode) {
+            output.printf("exit %d%n", exitCode);
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class WindowsForeignExeMockWriter implements ForeignExeMockWriter {
+        private final PrintWriter output;
+        private final String constantOut; // what we will echo to stdout
+
+        WindowsForeignExeMockWriter(@NotNull PrintWriter output, @NotNull String constantOut) {
+            this.output = Objects.requireNonNull(output);
+            this.constantOut = Objects.requireNonNull(constantOut);
+        }
+
+        private String asVarName(String optionName) {
+            return optionName.replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z0-9]", "_").toUpperCase();
+        }
+
+        // ───────────────────────── intro ─────────────────────────
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeIntro(@NotNull Map<String, String> optionDefaults) {
+            output.println("@echo off");
+            output.println("rem --------------- AUTO‑GENERATED MOCK ---------------");
+            output.println("setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion");
+            output.println();
+
+            optionDefaults.forEach((k, v) -> output.printf("set \"%s=%s\"%n", asVarName(k), v));
+            output.println(); // nothing else needed here
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        // ───────────────────── option parser ─────────────────────
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeOptionParserIntro() {
+            output.println(":parse_args");
+            output.println("if \"%~1\"==\"\" goto end_parse_args");
+            output.println("set \"arg=%~1\"");
+            output.println();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeStringReturningOption(String optionName, @NotNull String optionValue) {
+            output.printf("if /i \"!arg!\"==\"%s\" (%n", optionName);
+            output.printf("    echo %s%n", optionValue.replace("\"", "\"\""));
+            output.println("    exit /b 0");
+            output.println(")");
+            output.println();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeStringConsumingOption(String optionName) {
+            consumeOption(optionName, null);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeStringConsumingOption(String optionName, @NotNull List<String> validValues) {
+            consumeOption(optionName, validValues);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /* ── helper ──────────────────────────────────────────── */
+        private void consumeOption(String optionName, List<String> validValues) {
+            final String var = asVarName(optionName);
+            final int len = optionName.length() + 1; // option + '='
+
+            /* --opt=value --------------------------------------------------------- */
+            output.printf("if /i \"!arg:~0,%d!\"==\"%s=\" (%n", len, optionName);
+            output.printf("    set \"%1$s=!arg:~%2$d!\"%n", var, len);
+            writeValidation(var, validValues);
+            output.println("    shift");
+            output.println("    goto parse_args");
+            output.println(")");
+            output.println();
+
+            /* --opt  value -------------------------------------------------------- */
+            output.printf("if /i \"!arg!\"==\"%s\" (%n", optionName);
+            output.printf("    set \"%1$s=%%~2\"%n", var);
+            writeValidation(var, validValues);
+            output.println("    shift & shift");
+            output.println("    goto parse_args");
+            output.println(")");
+            output.println();
+        }
+
+        private void writeValidation(String var, List<String> validValues) {
+            if (validValues == null || validValues.isEmpty()) return;
+
+            output.println("    set \"_valid=0\"");
+            output.printf(
+                    "    for %%%%v in (%s) do if /i \"!%s!\"==\"%%%%v\" set \"_valid=1\"%n",
+                    String.join(" ", validValues), var);
+            output.println("    if \"!_valid!\"==\"0\" (");
+            output.printf("        echo Unknown %s: !%s!%n", var.toLowerCase(), var);
+            output.println("        exit /b 1");
+            output.println("    )");
+        }
+
+        // ───────────────────── parser outro ─────────────────────
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeOptionParserOutro() {
+            output.println("echo Unknown parameter: !arg!");
+            output.println("exit /b 1");
+            output.println();
+            output.println(":end_parse_args");
+            output.println();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        // ───────────────────── stdin → file ─────────────────────
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeReadFromStdin() {
+            output.println("rem -- consume everything the caller pipes into us -----");
+            output.println("more > nul"); // reads stdin until EOF, discards it
+            output.println();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        // ─────────────── file → stdout (pad lines) ──────────────
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeWriteToStdout() {
+            output.printf("echo %s%n", constantOut.replace("\"", "\"\""));
+            output.println("goto :finish"); // skip anything that might follow
+            output.println();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        // ───────────────────────── exit ─────────────────────────
+        /* writeExitCode – central, always‑reached exit point */
+        @Override
+        public ForeignExeMockWriter writeExitCode(int exitCode) {
+            output.println();
+            output.println(":finish");
+            output.printf("exit /b %d%n", exitCode);
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIRunner.java b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIRunner.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1127bc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIRunner.java
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.ThrowingEx;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+public abstract class SpotlessCLIRunner {
+
+    private File workingDir = new File(".");
+
+    private final List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    public static SpotlessCLIRunner create() {
+        return new SpotlessCLIRunnerInSameThread();
+    }
+
+    public static SpotlessCLIRunner createExternalProcess() {
+        return new SpotlessCLIRunnerInExternalJavaProcess();
+    }
+
+    public static SpotlessCLIRunner createNative() {
+        return new SpotlessCLIRunnerInNativeExternalProcess();
+    }
+
+    public SpotlessCLIRunner withWorkingDir(@NotNull File workingDir) {
+        this.workingDir = Objects.requireNonNull(workingDir);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    protected File workingDir() {
+        return workingDir;
+    }
+
+    public SpotlessCLIRunner withOption(@NotNull String option) {
+        args.add(Objects.requireNonNull(option));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public SpotlessCLIRunner withOption(@NotNull String option, @NotNull String value) {
+        args.add(String.format("%s=%s", Objects.requireNonNull(option), Objects.requireNonNull(value)));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public SpotlessCLIRunner withTargets(String... targets) {
+        for (String target : targets) {
+            withOption("--target", target);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public SpotlessCLIRunner withStep(@NotNull String stepName) {
+        args.add(Objects.requireNonNull(stepName));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a step to the command line arguments.
+     * The step class must implement {@link SpotlessCLIFormatterStep}.
+     *
+     * @param stepClass the class of the step to add
+     * @return this instance for method chaining
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the step class does not implement {@link SpotlessCLIFormatterStep}
+     */
+    public SpotlessCLIRunner withStep(@NotNull Class<?> stepClass) {
+        // use reflection to allow having this class in testlib
+        if (!ThrowingEx.get(() -> Class.forName("com.diffplug.spotless.cli.steps.SpotlessCLIFormatterStep"))
+                .isAssignableFrom(stepClass)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Step class must implement SpotlessCLIFormatterStep");
+        }
+        String stepName = determineStepName(stepClass);
+        return withStep(stepName);
+    }
+
+    private String determineStepName(Class<?> stepClass) {
+        CommandLine.Command annotation = stepClass.getAnnotation(CommandLine.Command.class);
+        if (annotation == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Step class must be annotated with @CommandLine.Command");
+        }
+        return annotation.name();
+    }
+
+    public Result run() {
+        Result result = executeCommand(args);
+        if (result.executionException() != null) {
+            throwRuntimeException("Error while executing Spotless CLI command", result);
+        }
+        if (result.exitCode == null || result.exitCode != 0) {
+            throwRuntimeException("Spotless CLI command failed with exit code " + result.exitCode, result);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public Result runAndFail() {
+        Result result = executeCommand(args);
+        if (result.executionException() != null) {
+            throwRuntimeException("Error while executing Spotless CLI command", result);
+        }
+        if (result.exitCode == null || result.exitCode == 0) {
+            throwRuntimeException(
+                    "Spotless CLI command should have failed but exited with code " + result.exitCode, result);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private void throwRuntimeException(String message, Result result) {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(message)
+                .append("\nExit code: ")
+                .append(result.exitCode())
+                .append("\n")
+                .append("\n--- Standard output: ---\n")
+                .append(result.stdOut())
+                .append("\n------------------------\n")
+                .append("\n--- Standard error: ---\n")
+                .append(result.stdErr())
+                .append("\n------------------------\n");
+
+        if (result.executionException() != null) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(sb.toString(), result.executionException());
+        }
+        throw new RuntimeException(sb.toString());
+    }
+
+    protected abstract Result executeCommand(List<String> args);
+
+    public static class Result {
+
+        private final Integer exitCode;
+        private final String stdOut;
+        private final String stdErr;
+        private final Exception executionException;
+
+        protected Result(
+                @Nullable Integer exitCode,
+                @Nullable Exception executionException,
+                @NotNull String stdOut,
+                @NotNull String stdErr) {
+            this.exitCode = exitCode;
+            this.executionException = executionException;
+            this.stdOut = Objects.requireNonNull(stdOut);
+            this.stdErr = Objects.requireNonNull(stdErr);
+        }
+
+        public Integer exitCode() {
+            return exitCode;
+        }
+
+        public String stdOut() {
+            return stdOut;
+        }
+
+        public String stdErr() {
+            return stdErr;
+        }
+
+        public Exception executionException() {
+            return executionException;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIRunnerInExternalJavaProcess.java b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIRunnerInExternalJavaProcess.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6124b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIRunnerInExternalJavaProcess.java
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.ProcessRunner;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.ThrowingEx;
+
+public class SpotlessCLIRunnerInExternalJavaProcess extends SpotlessCLIRunner {
+
+    static final String SPOTLESS_CLI_SHADOW_JAR_SYSPROP = "spotless.cli.shadowJar";
+
+    public SpotlessCLIRunnerInExternalJavaProcess() {
+        super();
+        if (System.getProperty(SPOTLESS_CLI_SHADOW_JAR_SYSPROP) == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "spotless.cli.shadowJar system property must be set to the path of the shadow jar");
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected Result executeCommand(List<String> args) {
+        try (ProcessRunner runner = new ProcessRunner()) {
+
+            ProcessRunner.Result pResult =
+                    ThrowingEx.get(() -> runner.exec(workingDir(), System.getenv(), null, processArgs(args)));
+
+            return new Result(pResult.exitCode(), null, pResult.stdOutUtf8(), pResult.stdErrUtf8());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private List<String> processArgs(List<String> args) {
+        List<String> processArgs = new ArrayList<>();
+        processArgs.add(currentJavaExecutable());
+        processArgs.add("-jar");
+        String jarPath = System.getProperty(SPOTLESS_CLI_SHADOW_JAR_SYSPROP);
+        processArgs.add(jarPath);
+
+        //		processArgs.add(SpotlessCLI.class.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource().getLocation().getPath());
+
+        processArgs.addAll(args);
+        return processArgs;
+    }
+
+    private String currentJavaExecutable() {
+        return ProcessHandle.current().info().command().orElse("java");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIRunnerInNativeExternalProcess.java b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIRunnerInNativeExternalProcess.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90ec5d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIRunnerInNativeExternalProcess.java
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.ProcessRunner;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.ThrowingEx;
+
+public class SpotlessCLIRunnerInNativeExternalProcess extends SpotlessCLIRunner {
+
+    static final String SPOTLESS_CLI_NATIVE_IMAGE_SYSPROP = "spotless.cli.nativeImage";
+
+    public SpotlessCLIRunnerInNativeExternalProcess() {
+        super();
+        if (System.getProperty(SPOTLESS_CLI_NATIVE_IMAGE_SYSPROP) == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(SPOTLESS_CLI_NATIVE_IMAGE_SYSPROP
+                    + " system property must be set to the path of the native binary");
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected Result executeCommand(List<String> args) {
+        try (ProcessRunner runner = new ProcessRunner()) {
+
+            ProcessRunner.Result pResult =
+                    ThrowingEx.get(() -> runner.exec(workingDir(), System.getenv(), null, processArgs(args)));
+
+            return new Result(pResult.exitCode(), null, pResult.stdOutUtf8(), pResult.stdErrUtf8());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private List<String> processArgs(List<String> args) {
+        List<String> processArgs = new ArrayList<>();
+        processArgs.add(System.getProperty(SPOTLESS_CLI_NATIVE_IMAGE_SYSPROP));
+        //		processArgs.add(SpotlessCLI.class.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource().getLocation().getPath());
+
+        processArgs.addAll(args);
+        return processArgs;
+    }
+
+    private String currentJavaExecutable() {
+        return ProcessHandle.current().info().command().orElse("java");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIRunnerInSameThread.java b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIRunnerInSameThread.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b790733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/SpotlessCLIRunnerInSameThread.java
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import com.diffplug.spotless.ThrowingEx;
+
+import picocli.CommandLine;
+
+public class SpotlessCLIRunnerInSameThread extends SpotlessCLIRunner {
+
+    static final String SPOTLESS_CLI_IN_SAME_THREAD = "spotless.cli.inSameThread";
+
+    protected Result executeCommand(List<String> args) {
+        CommandLine commandLine = createCommandLine();
+
+        StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
+        StringWriter err = new StringWriter();
+
+        try (PrintWriter outWriter = new PrintWriter(out);
+                PrintWriter errWriter = new PrintWriter(err)) {
+            commandLine.setOut(outWriter);
+            commandLine.setErr(errWriter);
+            Exception executionException = null;
+            Integer exitCode = null;
+            try {
+                exitCode = commandLine.execute(argsWithBaseDir(args));
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                executionException = e;
+            }
+
+            // finalize
+            outWriter.flush();
+            errWriter.flush();
+            return new Result(exitCode, executionException, out.toString(), err.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static CommandLine createCommandLine() {
+        return ThrowingEx.get(() -> {
+            Class<?> cliClass = Class.forName("com.diffplug.spotless.cli.SpotlessCLI");
+            Object cliInstance = cliClass.getDeclaredMethod("createInstance").invoke(null);
+            return (CommandLine)
+                    cliClass.getDeclaredMethod("createCommandLine", cliClass).invoke(null, cliClass.cast(cliInstance));
+        });
+    }
+
+    private String[] argsWithBaseDir(List<String> args) {
+        // prepend the base dir
+        String[] argsWithBaseDir = new String[args.size() + 2];
+        argsWithBaseDir[0] = "--basedir";
+        argsWithBaseDir[1] = workingDir().getAbsolutePath();
+        System.arraycopy(args.toArray(new String[0]), 0, argsWithBaseDir, 2, args.size());
+        return argsWithBaseDir;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/tag/CliNativeNpmTest.java b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/tag/CliNativeNpmTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c1e70b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/tag/CliNativeNpmTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021-2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.tag;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Tag;
+
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE;
+import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;
+
+@Target({TYPE, METHOD})
+@Retention(RUNTIME)
+@Tag("cliNativeNpm")
+public @interface CliNativeNpmTest {}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/tag/CliNativeTest.java b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/tag/CliNativeTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..377f175
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/tag/CliNativeTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021-2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.tag;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Tag;
+
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE;
+import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;
+
+@Target({TYPE, METHOD})
+@Retention(RUNTIME)
+@Tag("cliNative")
+public @interface CliNativeTest {}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/tag/CliProcessNpmTest.java b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/tag/CliProcessNpmTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffe6c4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/tag/CliProcessNpmTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021-2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.tag;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Tag;
+
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE;
+import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;
+
+@Target({TYPE, METHOD})
+@Retention(RUNTIME)
+@Tag("cliProcessNpm")
+public @interface CliProcessNpmTest {}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/tag/CliProcessTest.java b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/tag/CliProcessTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff5ff22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/tag/CliProcessTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021-2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.tag;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Tag;
+
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE;
+import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;
+
+@Target({TYPE, METHOD})
+@Retention(RUNTIME)
+@Tag("cliProcess")
+public @interface CliProcessTest {}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/tag/NpmTest.java b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/tag/NpmTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..793e74c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/java/com/diffplug/spotless/tag/NpmTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021-2024 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.tag;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Tag;
+
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE;
+import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;
+
+@Target({TYPE, METHOD})
+@Retention(RUNTIME)
+@Tag("npm")
+public @interface NpmTest {}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/java/selfie/SelfieSettings.java b/testlib/src/main/java/selfie/SelfieSettings.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..164aa07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/java/selfie/SelfieSettings.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package selfie;
+
+import java.io.File;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+
+import com.diffplug.selfie.junit5.SelfieSettingsAPI;
+
+public class SelfieSettings extends SelfieSettingsAPI {
+
+    @Override
+    public @NotNull File getRootFolder() {
+        File f = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir"), "src/test/resources");
+        if (f.exists()) {
+            return f;
+        }
+        return super.getRootFolder(); // fallback to default
+    }
+}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.c b/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..205efe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+int main() {printf("Testing 123");return 0;}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.cs b/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f90333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+using System;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Testing
+{
+    class Program
+    {
+        static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            string message = "Testing 1, 2, 3";
+            Console.WriteLine(message);
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.java.dirty b/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.java.dirty
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5589c79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.java.dirty
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+public class Java {
+public static void main(String[] args) {
+System.out.println("hello");
+}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.js b/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08ebafc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+var numbers=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,
+];
+
+const p = {
+    first: "Peter",
+    last : "Pan",
+    get fullName() { return this.first + " " + this.last;  }
+};
+
+const str = "Hello, world!"
+;
+
+var str2=str.charAt(3)+str[0];
+
+var multilinestr = "Hello \
+World"
+;
+
+function test (a,     b = "world") { let combined =a+   b; return combined};
+
+test  ("Hello");
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.m b/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b925417
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.m
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+- (int)method:(int)i {
+            return [self   testing_123:i];
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.proto b/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.proto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a90d58b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/resources/clang/example.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+message Testing {
+  required string field1 = 1;
+	required int32 field2 = 2;
+ optional string field3 = 3;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/resources/java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsAddRemoveInput.test b/testlib/src/main/resources/java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsAddRemoveInput.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e822a8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/resources/java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsAddRemoveInput.test
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+class FormatAnnotationsAddRemove {
+
+  @Empty
+  String e;
+
+  @NonEmpty
+  String ne;
+
+  @Localized
+  String localized;
+}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/resources/java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsInCommentsInput.test b/testlib/src/main/resources/java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsInCommentsInput.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a744b07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/resources/java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsInCommentsInput.test
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+class FormatAnnotationsInComments {
+
+  // Here is a comment
+  @Interned
+  String m1() {}
+
+  // Here is another comment
+  String m2() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Here is a misformatted type annotation within a Javadoc comment.
+   *
+   * @Nullable
+   * String s;
+   */
+
+  @Nullable
+  @Interned
+  String m3(/* Don't get confused by other comments on the line with the type */) {}
+
+  @Nullable
+  @Interned
+  String m3() {} // Still not confused
+
+  /*
+    code snippets in regular comments do get re-formatted
+
+    @Nullable
+    String s;
+   */
+}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/resources/java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsTestInput.test b/testlib/src/main/resources/java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsTestInput.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b93631d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/resources/java/formatannotations/FormatAnnotationsTestInput.test
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+class FormatAnnotationsTest {
+
+  public @Nullable
+  String s0 = null;
+
+  @Deprecated
+  public @Nullable
+  String m0() {}
+
+  @Nullable
+  String s1 = null;
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Nullable
+  String m1() {}
+
+  @Nullable
+  @Deprecated
+  String m2() {}
+
+  @Nullable
+  @Regex(2)
+  @Interned
+  String s2 = null;
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Nullable
+  @Regex(2)
+  @Interned
+  String m3() {}
+
+  @Nullable
+  @Deprecated
+  @Regex(2)
+  @Interned
+  String m4() {}
+
+  @Nullable
+  // a comment
+  @Regex(2)
+  @Interned
+  String s3 = null;
+
+  @Nullable // a comment
+  @Regex(2)
+  @Interned
+  String s4 = null;
+
+  @Nullable
+  @Regex(2)
+  @Interned
+  // a comment
+  String s5 = null;
+
+  @Deprecated
+  // a comment
+  @Nullable
+  @Regex(2)
+  @Interned
+  String m5() {}
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Nullable
+  // a comment
+  @Regex(2)
+  @Interned
+  String m6() {}
+
+  @Empty
+  String e;
+
+  @NonEmpty
+  String ne;
+
+  @Localized
+  String localized;
+}
+
+@Deprecated
+@SuppressWarnings
+public
+@Interned
+@MustCall("close")
+class MyClass1 {
+  // No body
+}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/resources/java/googlejavaformat/JavaCodeUnformatted.test b/testlib/src/main/resources/java/googlejavaformat/JavaCodeUnformatted.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e66776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/resources/java/googlejavaformat/JavaCodeUnformatted.test
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+import mylib.Unused;
+import mylib.UsedB;
+import mylib.UsedA;
+
+public class Java {
+/**
+ * Some javadoc.
+ */
+public static void main(String[] args) {
+System.out.println("A very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very long string that goes beyond the 100-character line length.");
+UsedB.someMethod();
+UsedA.someMethod();
+}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/resources/java/palantirjavaformat/JavaCodeWithJavaDocUnformatted.test b/testlib/src/main/resources/java/palantirjavaformat/JavaCodeWithJavaDocUnformatted.test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fcb3ad6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/resources/java/palantirjavaformat/JavaCodeWithJavaDocUnformatted.test
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+
+import mylib.Unused;
+import mylib.UsedB;
+import mylib.UsedA;
+
+/** This is a test class with a long unformatted JavaDoc description. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum pulvinar condimentum elit, eget mollis magna sollicitudin in. Aenean pharetra nunc nec luctus consequat. Donec nec tincidunt quam, in auctor ipsum. Nam in sem orci. Maecenas interdum posuere orci a semper. Cras vulputate blandit metus, nec semper urna porttitor at. Praesent velit turpis, consequat in cursus eget, posuere eget magna. Interdum et malesuada fames ac ante ipsum primis in faucibus. Pellentesque ante eros, sagittis sed tempus nec, rutrum ac arcu. Sed porttitor quam at enim commodo dictum. Sed fringilla tincidunt ex in aliquet.
+ *             @author              https://www.lipsum.com/
+ *    @since  0.0.2
+ */
+public class Java {
+   /**
+    * A very simple method that I
+    * really
+    * like
+    * a lot?
+    *
+    * Care for more details? <ul><li>Too</li><li>bad</li>
+    * <li>I</li><li>don't</li><li>have</li>
+    *    <li>any</li>
+    * </ul>
+    *
+    *    @param args Useless args, but
+    * see   {@link Unused}, perhaps even {@link UsedA} or even {@link UsedB   b }?
+    */
+public static void main(String[] args) {
+System.out.println("A very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very long string that goes beyond the 100-character line length.");
+UsedB.someMethod();
+UsedA.someMethod();
+}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/resources/java/palantirjavaformat/TextBlock.dirty b/testlib/src/main/resources/java/palantirjavaformat/TextBlock.dirty
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f5846d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/resources/java/palantirjavaformat/TextBlock.dirty
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+import mylib.UsedA;
+import mylib.UsedB;
+
+public class Java {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+          var a = """
+          Howdy
+          Partner!
+        """;
+        System.out.println(a);
+        UsedB.someMethod();
+        UsedA.someMethod();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/resources/npm/prettier/config/.prettierrc.yml b/testlib/src/main/resources/npm/prettier/config/.prettierrc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..828586c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/resources/npm/prettier/config/.prettierrc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+parser: typescript
+printWidth: 20
diff --git a/testlib/src/main/resources/npm/prettier/config/typescript.dirty b/testlib/src/main/resources/npm/prettier/config/typescript.dirty
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3a30bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/main/resources/npm/prettier/config/typescript.dirty
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+export class MyVeryOwnControllerWithARatherLongNameThatIsNotReallyNecessary extends AbstractController implements DisposeAware, CallbackAware {
+
+
+public myValue:string[];
+
+constructor(private myService:Service,name:string,private field:any){ super(name)   ;}
+
+
+//...
+}
diff --git a/testlib/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/ForeignExeMockTest.java b/testlib/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/ForeignExeMockTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fcdebbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testlib/src/test/java/com/diffplug/spotless/cli/ForeignExeMockTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2025 DiffPlug
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.diffplug.spotless.cli;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import com.diffplug.selfie.Selfie;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.ProcessRunner;
+import com.diffplug.spotless.ResourceHarness;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+class ForeignExeMockTest extends ResourceHarness {
+
+    @Test
+    void itWritesDefaultExecutable() throws Exception {
+        ForeignExeMock mock = ForeignExeMock.builder("clang-format", "1.0.0").build();
+
+        assertThat(mock.getContent()).contains("--version");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itWritesClangFormatExecutable() throws Exception {
+        ForeignExeMock mock = ForeignExeMock.builder("clang-format", "1.0.0")
+                .withStringConsumingOption("--style", List.of("LLVM", "Chrome", "Google", "Mozilla", "WebKit"))
+                .withStringReturningOption("--help", "This is the help text")
+                .withReadFromStdin()
+                .withWriteToStdout()
+                .build();
+
+        assertThat(mock.getContent()).contains("--style");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itWritesAExecutableForeignExeMockThatWritesVersion() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        File mock = createClangFormatForeignExeMock();
+
+        try (ProcessRunner runner = new ProcessRunner()) {
+            ProcessRunner.Result result =
+                    runner.exec(rootFolder(), null, null, List.of(mock.getAbsolutePath(), "--version"));
+            String output = result.assertExitZero(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+            assertThat(output).contains("11.0.1");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itWritesAExecutableForeignExeMockThatChecksValidOptions() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        File mock = createClangFormatForeignExeMock();
+
+        try (ProcessRunner runner = new ProcessRunner()) {
+            ProcessRunner.Result result = runner.exec(
+                    rootFolder(), null, null, List.of(mock.getAbsolutePath(), "--style", "invalid_style_value"));
+            assertThat(result.exitCode()).isNotEqualTo(0);
+            assertThat(result.stdOutUtf8()).contains("invalid_style_value");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itWritesAExecutableForeignExeMockThatConsumesValidOption() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        File mock = createClangFormatForeignExeMock();
+
+        try (ProcessRunner runner = new ProcessRunner()) {
+            ProcessRunner.Result result =
+                    runner.exec(rootFolder(), null, null, List.of(mock.getAbsolutePath(), "--style", "LLVM"));
+            String output = result.assertExitZero(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itWritesAExecutableForeignExeMockThatConsumesValidOptionAndExecutesReformatting()
+            throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        File mock = createClangFormatForeignExeMock();
+
+        try (ProcessRunner runner = new ProcessRunner()) {
+            String input =
+                    """
+                    int main(){
+                    return 0;
+                    }
+                    """
+                            .stripLeading();
+            ProcessRunner.Result result = runner.exec(
+                    rootFolder(),
+                    null,
+                    input.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8),
+                    List.of(mock.getAbsolutePath(), "--style", "LLVM"));
+            String output = result.assertExitZero(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+            Selfie.expectSelfie(output).toBe("""
+output written by clang-format
+""");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void itWritesAWindowsBatFile() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        File mock = createClangFormatForeignExeMock(ForeignExeMock.TargetOs.WINDOWS);
+        String mockContent = Files.readString(mock.toPath());
+        assertThat(mockContent).contains("--version");
+    }
+
+    private @NotNull File createClangFormatForeignExeMock() throws IOException {
+        return createClangFormatForeignExeMock(ForeignExeMock.TargetOs.current());
+    }
+
+    private @NotNull File createClangFormatForeignExeMock(@NotNull ForeignExeMock.TargetOs targetOs)
+            throws IOException {
+        ForeignExeMock mock = ForeignExeMock.builder("clang-format", "11.0.1")
+                .withStringConsumingOption("--style", List.of("LLVM", "Chrome", "Google", "Mozilla", "WebKit"))
+                .withStringReturningOption("--help", "This is the help text")
+                .withReadFromStdin()
+                .withWriteToStdout()
+                .build(targetOs);
+
+        return setFile(mock.getFileName())
+                .toContent(mock.getContent())
+                .makeExecutable()
+                .getFile();
+    }
+}