C api additions

cpp/include/cuopt/linear_programming/constants.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* clang-format off */
 /*
- * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025-2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 /* clang-format on */
@@ -107,6 +107,9 @@
 #define CUOPT_METHOD_DUAL_SIMPLEX 2
 #define CUOPT_METHOD_BARRIER      3
 
+/* @brief File format constants for problem I/O */
+#define CUOPT_FILE_FORMAT_MPS 0
+
 /* @brief Status codes constants */
 #define CUOPT_SUCCESS          0
 #define CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT 1

cpp/include/cuopt/linear_programming/cuopt_c.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* clang-format off */
 /*
- * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025-2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 /* clang-format on */
@@ -111,6 +111,20 @@ cuopt_int_t cuOptGetVersion(cuopt_int_t* version_major,
  */
 cuopt_int_t cuOptReadProblem(const char* filename, cuOptOptimizationProblem* problem_ptr);
 
+/**
+ * @brief Write an optimization problem to a file.
+ *
+ * @param[in] problem - The optimization problem to write.
+ * @param[in] filename - The path to the output file.
+ * @param[in] format - The file format to use. Currently only CUOPT_FILE_FORMAT_MPS is supported.
+ *
+ * @return A status code indicating success or failure. Returns CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+ *         if an unsupported format is specified.
+ */
+cuopt_int_t cuOptWriteProblem(cuOptOptimizationProblem problem,
+                              const char* filename,
+                              cuopt_int_t format);
+
 /** @brief Create an optimization problem of the form
  *
  * @verbatim
@@ -681,6 +695,53 @@ cuopt_int_t cuOptGetFloatParameter(cuOptSolverSettings settings,
                                    const char* parameter_name,
                                    cuopt_float_t* parameter_value);
 
+/**
+ * @brief Set the initial primal solution for an LP solve.
+ *
+ * @param[in] settings - The solver settings object.
+ * @param[in] primal_solution - A pointer to an array of type cuopt_float_t
+ *            of size num_variables containing the initial primal values.
+ * @param[in] num_variables - The number of variables (size of the primal_solution array).
+ *
+ * @return A status code indicating success or failure.
+ */
+cuopt_int_t cuOptSetInitialPrimalSolution(cuOptSolverSettings settings,
+                                          const cuopt_float_t* primal_solution,
+                                          cuopt_int_t num_variables);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Set the initial dual solution for an LP solve.
+ *
+ * @param[in] settings - The solver settings object.
+ * @param[in] dual_solution - A pointer to an array of type cuopt_float_t
+ *            of size num_constraints containing the initial dual values.
+ * @param[in] num_constraints - The number of constraints (size of the dual_solution array).
+ *
+ * @return A status code indicating success or failure.
+ */
+cuopt_int_t cuOptSetInitialDualSolution(cuOptSolverSettings settings,
+                                        const cuopt_float_t* dual_solution,
+                                        cuopt_int_t num_constraints);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Add an initial solution (MIP start) for MIP solving.
+ *
+ * This function can be called multiple times to add multiple MIP starts.
+ * The solver will use these as starting points for the MIP search.
+ *
+ * @param[in] settings - The solver settings object.
+ * @param[in] solution - A pointer to an array of type cuopt_float_t
+ *            of size num_variables containing the solution values.
+ * @param[in] num_variables - The number of variables (size of the solution array).
+ *
+ * @attention Currently unsupported with presolve on.
+ *
+ * @return A status code indicating success or failure.
+ */
+cuopt_int_t cuOptAddMIPStart(cuOptSolverSettings settings,
+                             const cuopt_float_t* solution,
+                             cuopt_int_t num_variables);
+
 /** @brief Check if an optimization problem is a mixed integer programming problem.
  *
  * @param[in] problem - The optimization problem.

cpp/include/cuopt/linear_programming/optimization_problem.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* clang-format off */
 /*
- * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2022-2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2022-2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 /* clang-format on */
@@ -105,6 +105,20 @@ class optimization_problem_t {
   optimization_problem_t(raft::handle_t const* handle_ptr);
   optimization_problem_t(const optimization_problem_t<i_t, f_t>& other);
 
+  /**
+   * @brief Check if this optimization problem is equivalent to another.
+   *
+   * Two problems are considered equivalent if they represent the same mathematical
+   * optimization problem, potentially with variables and constraints in a different order.
+   * The mapping between problems is determined by matching variable names and row names.
+   * Essentially checks for graph isomorphism given label mappings.
+   *
+   * @param other The other optimization problem to compare against.
+   * @return true if the problems are equivalent (up to permutation of variables/constraints),
+   *         false otherwise.
+   */
+  bool is_equivalent(const optimization_problem_t<i_t, f_t>& other) const;
+
   std::vector<internals::base_solution_callback_t*> mip_callbacks_;
 
   /**

cpp/libmps_parser/src/mps_writer.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* clang-format off */
 /*
- * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025-2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 /* clang-format on */
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ void mps_writer_t<i_t, f_t>::write(const std::string& mps_file_path)
 
   // Keep a single integer section marker by going over constraints twice and writing out
   // integral/nonintegral nonzeros ordered map
+  std::vector<bool> var_in_constraint(n_variables, false);
   std::map<i_t, std::vector<std::pair<i_t, f_t>>> integral_col_nnzs;
   std::map<i_t, std::vector<std::pair<i_t, f_t>>> continuous_col_nnzs;
   for (size_t row_id = 0; row_id < (size_t)n_constraints; row_id++) {
@@ -150,12 +151,37 @@ void mps_writer_t<i_t, f_t>::write(const std::string& mps_file_path)
       } else {
         continuous_col_nnzs[var].emplace_back(row_id, constraint_matrix_values[k]);
       }
+      var_in_constraint[var] = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Record and explicitely declared variables not contained in any constraint.
+  std::vector<i_t> orphan_continuous_vars;
+  std::vector<i_t> orphan_integer_vars;
+  for (i_t var = 0; var < n_variables; ++var) {
+    if (!var_in_constraint[var]) {
+      if (variable_types[var] == 'I') {
+        orphan_integer_vars.push_back(var);
+      } else {
+        orphan_continuous_vars.push_back(var);
+      }
     }
   }
 
   for (size_t is_integral = 0; is_integral < 2; is_integral++) {
-    auto& col_map = is_integral ? integral_col_nnzs : continuous_col_nnzs;
+    auto& col_map     = is_integral ? integral_col_nnzs : continuous_col_nnzs;
+    auto& orphan_vars = is_integral ? orphan_integer_vars : orphan_continuous_vars;
     if (is_integral) mps_file << "    MARK0001  'MARKER'                 'INTORG'\n";
+    for (auto& var_id : orphan_vars) {
+      std::string col_name = var_id < problem_.get_variable_names().size()
+                               ? problem_.get_variable_names()[var_id]
+                               : "C" + std::to_string(var_id);
+      // Write that column even if it is orphan as has a zero objective coefficient.
+      // Some tools require variables to be declared in "COLUMNS" before any "BOUNDS" statements.
+      mps_file << "    " << col_name << " "
+               << (problem_.get_objective_name().empty() ? "OBJ" : problem_.get_objective_name())
+               << " " << objective_coefficients[var_id] << "\n";
+    }
     for (auto& [var_id, nnzs] : col_map) {
       std::string col_name = var_id < problem_.get_variable_names().size()
                                ? problem_.get_variable_names()[var_id]
@@ -222,24 +248,34 @@ void mps_writer_t<i_t, f_t>::write(const std::string& mps_file_path)
   // BOUNDS section
   mps_file << "BOUNDS\n";
   for (size_t j = 0; j < (size_t)n_variables; j++) {
-    std::string col_name = j < problem_.get_variable_names().size()
-                             ? problem_.get_variable_names()[j]
-                             : "C" + std::to_string(j);
+    std::string col_name        = j < problem_.get_variable_names().size()
+                                    ? problem_.get_variable_names()[j]
+                                    : "C" + std::to_string(j);
+    std::string lower_bound_str = variable_types[j] == 'I' ? "LI" : "LO";
+    std::string upper_bound_str = variable_types[j] == 'I' ? "UI" : "UP";
 
     if (variable_lower_bounds[j] == -std::numeric_limits<f_t>::infinity() &&
         variable_upper_bounds[j] == std::numeric_limits<f_t>::infinity()) {
       mps_file << " FR BOUND1    " << col_name << "\n";
+    }
+    // Ambiguity exists in the spec about the case where upper_bound == 0 and lower_bound == 0, and
+    // only UP is specified. Handle fixed variables explicitely to avoid this pitfall.
+    else if (variable_lower_bounds[j] == variable_upper_bounds[j]) {
+      mps_file << " FX BOUND1    " << col_name << " " << variable_lower_bounds[j] << "\n";
     } else {
-      if (variable_lower_bounds[j] != 0.0 || objective_coefficients[j] == 0.0 ||
-          variable_types[j] != 'C') {
+      if (variable_lower_bounds[j] != 0.0) {
         if (variable_lower_bounds[j] == -std::numeric_limits<f_t>::infinity()) {
           mps_file << " MI BOUND1    " << col_name << "\n";
         } else {
-          mps_file << " LO BOUND1    " << col_name << " " << variable_lower_bounds[j] << "\n";
+          mps_file << " " << lower_bound_str << " BOUND1    " << col_name << " "
+                   << variable_lower_bounds[j] << "\n";
         }
       }
-      if (variable_upper_bounds[j] != std::numeric_limits<f_t>::infinity()) {
-        mps_file << " UP BOUND1    " << col_name << " " << variable_upper_bounds[j] << "\n";
+      // Integer variables get different default bounds compared to continuous variables
+      if (variable_upper_bounds[j] != std::numeric_limits<f_t>::infinity() ||
+          variable_types[j] == 'I') {
+        mps_file << " " << upper_bound_str << " BOUND1    " << col_name << " "
+                 << variable_upper_bounds[j] << "\n";
       }
     }
   }

cpp/src/linear_programming/cuopt_c.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /* clang-format off */
 /*
- * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2025-2026, NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 /* clang-format on */
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <cuopt/linear_programming/solve.hpp>
 #include <cuopt/linear_programming/solver_settings.hpp>
 #include <cuopt/utilities/timestamp_utils.hpp>
+#include <linear_programming/cuopt_c_internal.hpp>
 #include <utilities/logger.hpp>
 
 #include <mps_parser/parser.hpp>
@@ -24,31 +25,6 @@
 using namespace cuopt::mps_parser;
 using namespace cuopt::linear_programming;
 
-struct problem_and_stream_view_t {
-  problem_and_stream_view_t()
-    : op_problem(nullptr), stream_view(rmm::cuda_stream_per_thread), handle(stream_view)
-  {
-  }
-  raft::handle_t* get_handle_ptr() { return &handle; }
-  cuopt::linear_programming::optimization_problem_t<cuopt_int_t, cuopt_float_t>* op_problem;
-  rmm::cuda_stream_view stream_view;
-  raft::handle_t handle;
-};
-
-struct solution_and_stream_view_t {
-  solution_and_stream_view_t(bool solution_for_mip, rmm::cuda_stream_view stream_view)
-    : is_mip(solution_for_mip),
-      mip_solution_ptr(nullptr),
-      lp_solution_ptr(nullptr),
-      stream_view(stream_view)
-  {
-  }
-  bool is_mip;
-  mip_solution_t<cuopt_int_t, cuopt_float_t>* mip_solution_ptr;
-  optimization_problem_solution_t<cuopt_int_t, cuopt_float_t>* lp_solution_ptr;
-  rmm::cuda_stream_view stream_view;
-};
-
 int8_t cuOptGetFloatSize() { return sizeof(cuopt_float_t); }
 
 int8_t cuOptGetIntSize() { return sizeof(cuopt_int_t); }
@@ -92,6 +68,26 @@ cuopt_int_t cuOptReadProblem(const char* filename, cuOptOptimizationProblem* pro
   return CUOPT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+cuopt_int_t cuOptWriteProblem(cuOptOptimizationProblem problem,
+                              const char* filename,
+                              cuopt_int_t format)
+{
+  if (problem == nullptr) { return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT; }
+  if (filename == nullptr) { return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT; }
+  if (strlen(filename) == 0) { return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT; }
+  if (format != CUOPT_FILE_FORMAT_MPS) { return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT; }
+
+  problem_and_stream_view_t* problem_and_stream_view =
+    static_cast<problem_and_stream_view_t*>(problem);
+  try {
+    problem_and_stream_view->op_problem->write_to_mps(std::string(filename));
+  } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+    CUOPT_LOG_INFO("Error writing MPS file: %s", e.what());
+    return CUOPT_MPS_FILE_ERROR;
+  }
+  return CUOPT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
 cuopt_int_t cuOptCreateProblem(cuopt_int_t num_constraints,
                                cuopt_int_t num_variables,
                                cuopt_int_t objective_sense,
@@ -706,6 +702,60 @@ cuopt_int_t cuOptGetFloatParameter(cuOptSolverSettings settings,
   return CUOPT_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+cuopt_int_t cuOptSetInitialPrimalSolution(cuOptSolverSettings settings,
+                                          const cuopt_float_t* primal_solution,
+                                          cuopt_int_t num_variables)
+{
+  if (settings == nullptr) { return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT; }
+  if (primal_solution == nullptr) { return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT; }
+  if (num_variables <= 0) { return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT; }
+
+  solver_settings_t<cuopt_int_t, cuopt_float_t>* solver_settings =
+    static_cast<solver_settings_t<cuopt_int_t, cuopt_float_t>*>(settings);
+  try {
+    solver_settings->set_initial_pdlp_primal_solution(primal_solution, num_variables);
+  } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+    return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+  return CUOPT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+cuopt_int_t cuOptSetInitialDualSolution(cuOptSolverSettings settings,
+                                        const cuopt_float_t* dual_solution,
+                                        cuopt_int_t num_constraints)
+{
+  if (settings == nullptr) { return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT; }
+  if (dual_solution == nullptr) { return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT; }
+  if (num_constraints <= 0) { return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT; }
+
+  solver_settings_t<cuopt_int_t, cuopt_float_t>* solver_settings =
+    static_cast<solver_settings_t<cuopt_int_t, cuopt_float_t>*>(settings);
+  try {
+    solver_settings->set_initial_pdlp_dual_solution(dual_solution, num_constraints);
+  } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+    return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+  return CUOPT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+cuopt_int_t cuOptAddMIPStart(cuOptSolverSettings settings,
+                             const cuopt_float_t* solution,
+                             cuopt_int_t num_variables)
+{
+  if (settings == nullptr) { return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT; }
+  if (solution == nullptr) { return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT; }
+  if (num_variables <= 0) { return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT; }
+
+  solver_settings_t<cuopt_int_t, cuopt_float_t>* solver_settings =
+    static_cast<solver_settings_t<cuopt_int_t, cuopt_float_t>*>(settings);
+  try {
+    solver_settings->get_mip_settings().add_initial_solution(solution, num_variables);
+  } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+    return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+  }
+  return CUOPT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
 cuopt_int_t cuOptIsMIP(cuOptOptimizationProblem problem, cuopt_int_t* is_mip_ptr)
 {
   if (problem == nullptr) { return CUOPT_INVALID_ARGUMENT; }