Run cpplint in pre-commit and in GitHub Actions

[cclauss]

Automate the running on cpplint in pre-commit on contributors' machines and in GitHub Actions.

• https://github.com/cpplint/cpplint
• https://pre-commit.com
• https://github.com/pre-commit/action

Related to:

• Linter cleanups #742

[kkoopa]

This looks great. Thank you.