Color Palette PHP

A powerful PHP library for extracting color palettes from images and generating color themes. This package supports multiple image processing backends (GD and Imagick) and provides a rich set of color manipulation features.

Features

Extract dominant colors from images using advanced color quantization
Support for multiple image formats (JPEG, PNG, GIF, etc.)
Multiple image processing backends (GD and Imagick)
Generate color themes with surface, background, and accent colors
Color manipulation with RGB, HSL, HSV, CMYK, and LAB support
Color contrast ratio calculations (WCAG compliance)
Automatic text color suggestions for optimal readability
Smart surface color recommendations based on color brightness
Deterministic color extraction - same image always produces same results
Immutable color objects - safe and predictable
Memory efficient with support for large images

Requirements

PHP 8.1 or higher
GD extension OR ImageMagick extension (at least one is required)
Composer

Installation

Install the package via composer:

composer require farzai/color-palette

Quick Start

Simple Approach (Recommended)

Extract colors in one line:

use Farzai\ColorPalette\ColorPalette;

$palette = ColorPalette::fromImage('path/to/image.jpg', 5);
$colors = $palette->toArray();
// Result: ['#ff5733', '#33ff57', '#5733ff', '#f4a460', '#8b4513']

Builder Pattern (Flexible)

Chain multiple operations with the builder:

use Farzai\ColorPalette\ColorPalette;
use Farzai\ColorPalette\Color;

// Extract from image
$palette = ColorPalette::builder()
    ->fromImage('path/to/image.jpg')
    ->withCount(8)
    ->build();

// Generate from a base color
$palette = ColorPalette::builder()
    ->withBaseColor(Color::fromHex('#3498db'))
    ->withScheme('monochromatic', ['count' => 7])
    ->build();

Advanced (Full Control)

Use individual components for dependency injection and custom configuration:

use Farzai\ColorPalette\ImageFactory;
use Farzai\ColorPalette\ColorExtractorFactory;

// Static methods
$image = ImageFactory::fromPath('path/to/image.jpg');
$extractor = ColorExtractorFactory::gd();
$palette = $extractor->extract($image, 5);

// Instance methods with dependencies
$extractor = (new ColorExtractorFactory($logger))->make('gd');
$palette = $extractor->extract($image, 5);

Core Concepts

ImageFactory

Load images from files for color extraction.

// Simple static method
$image = ImageFactory::fromPath('photo.jpg');

// Specify driver (gd or imagick)
$image = ImageFactory::fromPath('photo.jpg', 'imagick');

ColorExtractor

Extract dominant colors using color quantization. Two drivers available:

GD - Built into most PHP installations
Imagick - More accurate, better for complex images

// Simple static methods
$extractor = ColorExtractorFactory::gd();
$extractor = ColorExtractorFactory::imagick();

ColorPalette

A collection of extracted colors with array-like access.

$palette = ColorPalette::fromImage('photo.jpg', 5);

// Access colors
$colors = $palette->toArray();     // Returns ['#ff5733', ...]
$firstColor = $palette[0];         // Array access
$count = count($palette);          // Countable

Color Objects

Immutable objects supporting multiple color spaces.

$color = Color::fromHex('#ff5733');

// Manipulation returns NEW color objects
$lighter = $color->lighten(0.2);
$darker = $color->darken(0.3);

Note: Color objects are immutable - methods always return new instances.

Common Use Cases

1. Generate Website Theme from Logo

Extract colors from your logo and create a complete theme:

use Farzai\ColorPalette\ColorPalette;

// Extract colors from logo
$palette = ColorPalette::fromImage('assets/logo.png', 8);

// Get suggested theme colors
$theme = $palette->getSuggestedSurfaceColors();

echo "Primary: " . $theme['surface']->toHex();      // #f5f5f5
echo "Background: " . $theme['background']->toHex(); // #e8e8e8
echo "Accent: " . $theme['accent']->toHex();         // #ff5733

// Get appropriate text colors
$textOnPrimary = $palette->getSuggestedTextColor($theme['surface']);
$textOnAccent = $palette->getSuggestedTextColor($theme['accent']);

2. Create Accessible Color Scheme (WCAG Compliant)

Ensure your color combinations meet accessibility standards:

use Farzai\ColorPalette\Color;

$background = Color::fromHex('#ffffff');
$primary = Color::fromHex('#1976d2');

// Check contrast ratio
$ratio = $background->getContrastRatio($primary);
echo "Contrast Ratio: {$ratio}:1\n";

// Validate WCAG compliance
if ($ratio >= 7.0) {
    echo "PASS: WCAG AAA - Normal Text\n";
} elseif ($ratio >= 4.5) {
    echo "PASS: WCAG AA - Normal Text\n";
} elseif ($ratio >= 3.0) {
    echo "PASS: WCAG AA - Large Text\n";
} else {
    echo "FAIL: Does not meet WCAG standards\n";

    // Automatically adjust for compliance
    $adjustedPrimary = $primary->darken(0.2);
    $newRatio = $background->getContrastRatio($adjustedPrimary);
    echo "Adjusted Color: " . $adjustedPrimary->toHex() . "\n";
    echo "New Ratio: {$newRatio}:1\n";
}

3. Generate CSS Variables from Image

Create CSS custom properties from image colors:

use Farzai\ColorPalette\ColorPalette;

$palette = ColorPalette::fromImage('hero-image.jpg', 6);

echo ":root {\n";
foreach ($palette->getColors() as $index => $color) {
    $hex = $color->toHex();
    $rgb = $color->toRgb();

    echo "  --color-{$index}: {$hex};\n";
    echo "  --color-{$index}-rgb: {$rgb['r']}, {$rgb['g']}, {$rgb['b']};\n";
}
echo "}\n";

// Output:
// :root {
//   --color-0: #ff5733;
//   --color-0-rgb: 255, 87, 51;
//   --color-1: #33ff57;
//   --color-1-rgb: 51, 255, 87;
//   ...
// }

4. Generate Color Schemes

Create color harmonies using built-in schemes:

use Farzai\ColorPalette\ColorPalette;
use Farzai\ColorPalette\Color;

$brandColor = Color::fromHex('#3498db');

// Automatic scheme generation
$complementary = ColorPalette::fromColor($brandColor, 'complementary');
$triadic = ColorPalette::fromColor($brandColor, 'triadic');
$monochromatic = ColorPalette::fromColor($brandColor, 'monochromatic', ['count' => 7]);

// Manual color manipulation
$lighter = $brandColor->lighten(0.2);
$darker = $brandColor->darken(0.2);
$rotated = $brandColor->rotate(180);  // Complementary

API Reference

Working with Images

Simple: ColorPalette::fromImage()

$palette = ColorPalette::fromImage('photo.jpg', 5);

Parameters:

$path (string) - Path to image file
$count (int) - Number of colors to extract (default: 5)
$driver (string) - 'gd' or 'imagick' (default: 'gd')

Returns: ColorPalette

Advanced: ImageFactory

// Static method
$image = ImageFactory::fromPath('photo.jpg', 'gd');

// Instance method (for dependency injection)
$factory = new ImageFactory($extensionChecker);
$image = $factory->createFromPath('photo.jpg');

Extracting Color Palettes

Simple: ColorPalette::fromImage()

$palette = ColorPalette::fromImage('photo.jpg', 5);

Advanced: Using ColorExtractor

// Static methods
$extractor = ColorExtractorFactory::gd();
$extractor = ColorExtractorFactory::imagick();

// Extract colors
$palette = $extractor->extract($image, 5);

Color Format Conversions

The Color class supports multiple color space conversions:

Creating Colors

// From different formats
$color = Color::fromHex('#ff5733');                          // Hex string (with or without #)
$color = Color::fromRgb(['r' => 255, 'g' => 87, 'b' => 51]); // RGB array (or numeric: [255, 87, 51])
$color = Color::fromHsl(9, 100, 60);                         // HSL values (h: 0-360, s/l: 0-100)
$color = Color::fromHsv(9, 80, 100);                         // HSV values (h: 0-360, s/v: 0-100)
$color = Color::fromCmyk(0, 66, 80, 0);                      // CMYK values (0-100)
$color = Color::fromLab(62, 52, 51);                         // LAB values (l: 0-100, a/b: -128 to 127)

Converting Colors

$hex = $color->toHex();    // Returns: '#ff5733'
$rgb = $color->toRgb();    // Returns: ['r' => 255, 'g' => 87, 'b' => 51]
$hsl = $color->toHsl();    // Returns: ['h' => 9, 's' => 100, 'l' => 60]
$hsv = $color->toHsv();    // Returns: ['h' => 9, 's' => 80, 'v' => 100]
$cmyk = $color->toCmyk();  // Returns: ['c' => 0, 'm' => 66, 'y' => 80, 'k' => 0]
$lab = $color->toLab();    // Returns: ['l' => 62, 'a' => 52, 'b' => 51]

Color Manipulation

All manipulation methods return new Color instances (immutable):

$color = Color::fromHex('#3498db');

// Lighten and darken
$lighter = $color->lighten(0.2);      // Lighten by 20% (0.0 to 1.0)
$darker = $color->darken(0.2);        // Darken by 20% (0.0 to 1.0)

// Adjust saturation
$saturated = $color->saturate(0.3);   // Increase saturation by 30%
$desaturated = $color->desaturate(0.3); // Decrease saturation by 30%

// Rotate hue (color wheel)
$rotated = $color->rotate(180);       // Rotate hue by 180 degrees (0-360)

// Set specific lightness
$withLightness = $color->withLightness(0.5); // Set lightness to 50% (0.0 to 1.0)

Color Analysis

$color = Color::fromHex('#3498db');

// Brightness (0-255)
$brightness = $color->getBrightness();  // Returns: float (0.0 to 255.0)
$isLight = $color->isLight();           // true if brightness > 128
$isDark = $color->isDark();             // true if brightness <= 128

// Luminance (0.0 to 1.0) - WCAG formula
$luminance = $color->getLuminance();    // Returns: float (0.0 to 1.0)

// Contrast ratio (for accessibility)
$textColor = Color::fromHex('#ffffff');
$ratio = $color->getContrastRatio($textColor); // Returns: float (1.0 to 21.0)

WCAG Contrast Requirements:

AAA Normal Text: 7:1 or higher
AA Normal Text: 4.5:1 or higher
AA Large Text: 3:1 or higher

Theme Generation

ColorPalette::getSuggestedSurfaceColors()

Get a complete color theme from the palette:

$theme = $palette->getSuggestedSurfaceColors();

Returns: Array with keys:

'surface' - Lightest color (main surface)
'background' - Second lightest (secondary backgrounds)
'accent' - Accent color with good contrast
'surface_variant' - Variant of surface color

ColorPalette::getSuggestedTextColor()

Get optimal text color (black or white) for a background:

$textColor = $palette->getSuggestedTextColor($backgroundColor);

Parameters:

$backgroundColor (ColorInterface) - Background color

Returns: ColorInterface - Either black (#000000) or white (#ffffff) based on contrast

Troubleshooting & FAQ

Which image processing extension should I use?

GD (Recommended for most users):

Pre-installed in most PHP environments
Good color extraction quality
Lower memory usage
Slightly less accurate than Imagick

Imagick (For better accuracy):

More accurate color extraction
Better handling of complex images
Supports more image formats
Requires additional installation
Higher memory usage

How do I check which extension is installed?

// Check for GD
if (extension_loaded('gd')) {
    echo "GD is installed\n";
}

// Check for Imagick
if (extension_loaded('imagick')) {
    echo "Imagick is installed\n";
}

Or use the built-in checker:

try {
    $extractor = ColorExtractorFactory::gd();
    echo "GD is available\n";
} catch (\RuntimeException $e) {
    echo "GD is not available\n";
}

How do I install GD or Imagick?

Ubuntu/Debian:

# Install GD
sudo apt-get install php-gd

# Install Imagick
sudo apt-get install php-imagick

macOS (Homebrew):

# Install GD (usually included with PHP)
brew install php

# Install Imagick
brew install imagemagick
pecl install imagick

Restart your web server after installation!

The colors extracted don't look right

Try the other driver - Imagick often produces more accurate results:
```
$palette = ColorPalette::fromImage('photo.jpg', 5, 'imagick');
```
Extract more colors - Increase the count for better variety:
```
$palette = ColorPalette::fromImage('photo.jpg', 10);
```
Check image quality - Low quality or heavily compressed images may produce poor results
Image has many similar colors - This is expected behavior; the library finds dominant colors

Memory issues with large images

For very large images (> 5MB), consider:

Resize before processing (using GD or Imagick directly)
Increase PHP memory limit in php.ini:
```
memory_limit = 256M
```
Use GD instead of Imagick (lower memory usage)

Supported image formats

GD Driver:

JPEG/JPG
PNG
GIF
WebP (PHP 7.1+)

Imagick Driver:

All of the above plus:
TIFF
BMP
PSD
And many more

Why are my Color objects not changing?

Color objects are immutable. Methods return new instances:

$color = Color::fromHex('#3498db');

// WRONG - This doesn't work!
$color->lighten(0.2);
echo $color->toHex(); // Still #3498db

// CORRECT - Assign the result
$lighter = $color->lighten(0.2);
echo $lighter->toHex(); // Lighter color!

How many colors should I extract?

5-8 colors - Good for general use, themes
10-15 colors - More variety, better for finding specific shades
3-5 colors - Minimal, quick extraction

More colors = more processing time and memory usage.

Security

HTTP Client Security

The library implements comprehensive security measures when loading images from URLs to protect against SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery) and other attacks.

SSRF Protection

All remote URLs are validated before making HTTP requests:

Blocked Protocols:

Only http:// and https:// are allowed
All other protocols (file://, ftp://, gopher://, etc.) are rejected

Blocked IP Addresses:

Localhost: 127.0.0.1, ::1
Private networks: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16
Link-local: 169.254.0.0/16, fe80::/10
Unique local (IPv6): fc00::/7, fd00::/8
IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses: ::ffff:0:0/96

use Farzai\ColorPalette\ImageLoaderFactory;

$factory = new ImageLoaderFactory;
$loader = $factory->create();

// These will throw SsrfException:
$loader->load('http://localhost/internal-image.jpg');  // Blocked
$loader->load('http://192.168.1.1/image.jpg');         // Blocked
$loader->load('http://[::1]/image.jpg');               // Blocked
$loader->load('file:///etc/passwd');                    // Blocked

// Only public HTTP/HTTPS URLs are allowed:
$loader->load('https://example.com/public-image.jpg'); // OK

File Size Limits

Downloaded files are limited to 10MB by default to prevent denial-of-service attacks:

use Farzai\ColorPalette\Config\HttpClientConfig;
use Farzai\ColorPalette\ImageLoaderFactory;

// Custom file size limit (5MB)
$config = new HttpClientConfig(
    maxFileSizeBytes: 5 * 1024 * 1024
);

$factory = new ImageLoaderFactory(httpConfig: $config);
$loader = $factory->create();

// Will throw HttpException if file exceeds 5MB
$loader->load('https://example.com/huge-image.jpg');

Files are streamed in chunks (8KB at a time) and validated during download, not loaded entirely into memory.

MIME Type Validation

Remote files are validated to ensure they're actual images:

Content-Type Header: Checked if present in HTTP response
File Detection: Actual file content verified using finfo after download

Only these MIME types are accepted:

image/jpeg, image/jpg
image/png
image/gif
image/webp
image/bmp
image/tiff
image/svg+xml

HTTP Client Configuration

Customize HTTP client behavior for security and performance:

use Farzai\ColorPalette\Config\HttpClientConfig;
use Farzai\ColorPalette\ImageLoaderFactory;

$config = new HttpClientConfig(
    timeoutSeconds: 30,           // Request timeout (default: 30)
    maxRedirects: 0,              // Follow redirects (default: 0 - disabled)
    maxFileSizeBytes: 10485760,   // Max file size in bytes (default: 10MB)
    userAgent: 'MyApp/1.0',       // Custom User-Agent header
    verifySsl: true               // SSL certificate verification (default: true)
);

$factory = new ImageLoaderFactory(httpConfig: $config);
$loader = $factory->create();

Security Recommendations:

Keep maxRedirects: 0 - Redirects can bypass SSRF protection
Keep verifySsl: true - Prevents man-in-the-middle attacks
Set appropriate timeout - Prevents hanging on slow servers
Limit file size - Protects against DoS via large downloads

Exception Handling

Different exception types for different security scenarios:

use Farzai\ColorPalette\Exceptions\SsrfException;
use Farzai\ColorPalette\Exceptions\HttpException;
use Farzai\ColorPalette\Exceptions\InvalidImageException;

try {
    $loader->load($userProvidedUrl);
} catch (SsrfException $e) {
    // URL validation failed (private IP, invalid protocol, etc.)
    log_security_event('SSRF attempt blocked', $userProvidedUrl);
} catch (HttpException $e) {
    // HTTP error (status code, file size, MIME type, etc.)
    log_error('Failed to download image', $e->getMessage());
} catch (InvalidImageException $e) {
    // Image processing error
    log_error('Invalid image', $e->getMessage());
}

Best Practices for User-Provided URLs

When accepting URLs from users:

// ✓ GOOD: Validate and handle errors
try {
    $palette = ColorPalette::fromImage($userUrl, count: 5);
} catch (SsrfException $e) {
    // Don't expose internal network structure in error messages
    throw new UserFacingException('Invalid URL provided');
}

// ✗ BAD: Don't blindly trust user input
$palette = ColorPalette::fromImage($_GET['url']); // Dangerous!

// ✓ GOOD: Add URL whitelist for extra security
$allowedDomains = ['cdn.example.com', 'images.example.com'];
$host = parse_url($userUrl, PHP_URL_HOST);

if (!in_array($host, $allowedDomains)) {
    throw new Exception('URL not from allowed domain');
}

Testing

Run the test suite:

composer test

Run tests with coverage:

composer test:coverage

Contributing

Please see CONTRIBUTING for details.

Security Vulnerabilities

Please review our security policy on how to report security vulnerabilities.

Credits

All Contributors

License

The MIT License (MIT). Please see License File for more information.

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config		config
example		example
src		src
tests		tests
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.gitignore		.gitignore
CHANGELOG.md		CHANGELOG.md
CONTRIBUTING.md		CONTRIBUTING.md
CONTRIBUTORS.md		CONTRIBUTORS.md
LICENSE.md		LICENSE.md
README.md		README.md
composer.json		composer.json
phpunit.xml.dist		phpunit.xml.dist

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Color Palette PHP

Table of Contents

Features

Requirements

Installation

Quick Start

Simple Approach (Recommended)

Builder Pattern (Flexible)

Advanced (Full Control)

Core Concepts

ImageFactory

ColorExtractor

ColorPalette

Color Objects

Common Use Cases

1. Generate Website Theme from Logo

2. Create Accessible Color Scheme (WCAG Compliant)

3. Generate CSS Variables from Image

4. Generate Color Schemes

API Reference

Working with Images

Simple: ColorPalette::fromImage()

Advanced: ImageFactory

Extracting Color Palettes

Simple: ColorPalette::fromImage()

Advanced: Using ColorExtractor

Color Format Conversions

Creating Colors

Converting Colors

Color Manipulation

Color Analysis

Theme Generation

ColorPalette::getSuggestedSurfaceColors()

ColorPalette::getSuggestedTextColor()

Troubleshooting & FAQ

Which image processing extension should I use?

How do I check which extension is installed?

How do I install GD or Imagick?

The colors extracted don't look right

Memory issues with large images

Supported image formats

Why are my Color objects not changing?

How many colors should I extract?

Security

HTTP Client Security

SSRF Protection

File Size Limits

MIME Type Validation

HTTP Client Configuration

Exception Handling

Best Practices for User-Provided URLs

Testing

Contributing

Security Vulnerabilities

Credits

License

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